序三
序三
张岱
天下山水之妙，有以诗传者，有以画传者，自王摩诘以一身兼之，赞之者谓：“摩诘之诗，诗中有画；摩诘之画，画中有诗。”遂将诗画合为一物。若西湖则不然，西湖之妙，妙在空灵晶映，一入于诗，便落脂粉，即东坡二诗亦所不免。世间凡物，竹篱茅舍、鸡犬桑麻，一入于画，无不文雅，而西湖图景，虽桃柳舟航，犹是滓秽太清。故余独谓：“看西湖，决不能为西湖之画；看西湖，决不能为西湖之诗也。”余友张陶庵，笔具化工，其所记游，有郦道元之博奥，有刘同人之生辣，有袁中郎之倩丽，有王季重之诙谐，无所不有；其一种空灵晶映之气，寻其笔墨，又一无所有。为西湖传神写照，正在阿堵矣。若使陶庵于此仍作诗想、仍作画想，一着揣摩，便于西湖十去八九，即在梦中，亦是魇呓。有想有因，卫洗马之病在膏肓，正未易瘳也。
弟祁豸佳书于蟫仙庐
Preface III
张岱
Of the marvels among the hills and waters of the world, some are transmitted by poetry and some by painting; and since Wang Mojie united both in a single person, his admirer said that in Mojie's poems there is painting and in Mojie's paintings there is poetry — and so poetry and painting were made one thing. With West Lake it is otherwise. The marvel of West Lake lies in an empty, luminous, crystalline shimmer, and the moment it enters a poem it falls into powder and rouge; even Dongpo's two poems do not escape this. Every ordinary thing in the world — bamboo fence and thatched hut, fowl and dog, mulberry and hemp — turns elegant the moment it enters a painting; but in a picture of West Lake even peach and willow and boats are dregs that foul the pure void. So I alone say: look at West Lake, and you certainly cannot make a painting of West Lake; look at West Lake, and you certainly cannot make a poem of West Lake. My friend Zhang Tao'an has a brush that commands the workings of creation. His records of travel have the erudition of Li Daoyuan, the raw pungency of Liu Tongren, the grace of Yuan Zhonglang, the humour of Wang Jizhong; there is nothing they do not have. Yet that one air of empty luminous shimmer — search his ink for it, and there is nothing there at all. In catching West Lake's spirit and setting down its likeness, everything lies just there. Were Tao'an here to go on thinking in poems and thinking in paintings, then at the first stroke of deliberation eight or nine parts in ten of West Lake would be gone, and even in dream it would be no more than nightmare babble. There is thought, and there is cause: the malady of the Crown Prince's Groom lodged past the reach of medicine, and is not easily cured.
Written by your younger brother Qi Zhijia at the Silverfish Immortal's Lodge