卷三十七·卫康叔世家第七

卷三十七·卫康叔世家第七

司马迁

卫康叔名封，周武王同母少弟也。其次尚有冉季，冉季最少。

武王已克殷纣，复以殷余民封纣子武庚禄父，比诸侯，以奉其先祀勿绝。为武庚未集，恐其有贼心，武王乃令其弟管叔、蔡叔傅相武庚禄父，以和其民。武王既崩，成王少。周公旦代成王治，当国。管叔、蔡叔疑周公，乃与武庚禄父作乱，欲攻成周。周公旦以成王命兴师伐殷，杀武庚禄父、管叔，放蔡叔，以武庚殷余民封康叔为卫君，居河、淇间故商墟。

周公旦惧康叔齿少，乃申告康叔曰：“必求殷之贤人君子长者，问其先殷所以兴，所以亡，而务爱民。”告以纣所以亡者以淫于酒，酒之失，妇人是用，故纣之乱自此始。为梓材，示君子可法则。故谓之康诰、酒诰、梓材以命之。康叔之国，既以此命，能和集其民，民大说。

成王长，用事，举康叔为周司寇，赐卫宝祭器，以章有德。

康叔卒，子康伯代立。康伯卒，子考伯立。考伯卒，子嗣伯立。嗣伯卒，子□ 伯立。□ 伯卒，子靖伯立。靖伯卒，子贞伯立。贞伯卒，子顷侯立。

顷侯厚赂周夷王，夷王命卫为侯。顷侯立十二年卒，子釐侯立。

釐侯十三年，周厉王出奔于彘，共和行政焉。二十八年，周宣王立。

四十二年，釐侯卒，太子共伯余立为君。共伯弟和有宠于釐侯，多予之赂；和以其赂赂士，以袭攻共伯于墓上，共伯入釐侯羡自杀。卫人因葬之釐侯旁，谥曰共伯，而立和为卫侯，是为武公。

武公即位，修康叔之政，百姓和集。四十二年，犬戎杀周幽王，武公将兵往佐周平戎，甚有功，周平王命武公为公。五十五年，卒，子庄公扬立。

庄公五年，取齐女为夫人，好而无子。又取陈女为夫人，生子，蚤死。陈女女弟亦幸于庄公，而生子完。完母死，庄公令夫人齐女子之，立为太子。庄公有宠妾，生子州吁。十八年，州吁长，好兵，庄公使将。石碏谏庄公曰：“庶子好兵，使将，乱自此起。”不听。二十三年，庄公卒，太子完立，是为桓公。

桓公二年，弟州吁骄奢，桓公绌之，州吁出奔。十三年，郑伯弟段攻其兄，不胜，亡，而州吁求与之友。十六年，州吁收聚卫亡人以袭杀桓公，州吁自立为卫君。为郑伯弟段欲伐郑，请宋、陈、蔡与俱，三国皆许州吁。州吁新立，好兵，弑桓公，卫人皆不爱。石碏乃因桓公母家于陈，详为善州吁。至郑郊，石碏与陈侯共谋，使右宰丑进食，因杀州吁于濮，而迎桓公弟晋于邢而立之，是为宣公。

宣公七年，鲁弑其君隐公。九年，宋督弑其君殇公，及孔父。十年，晋曲沃庄伯弑其君哀侯。

十八年，初，宣公爱夫人夷姜，夷姜生子伋，以为太子，而令右公子傅之。右公子为太子取齐女，未入室，而宣公见所欲为太子妇者好，说而自取之，更为太子取他女。宣公得齐女，生子寿、子朔，令左公子傅之。太子伋母死，宣公正夫人与朔共谗恶太子伋。宣公自以其夺太子妻也，心恶太子，欲废之。及闻其恶，大怒，乃使太子伋于齐而令盗遮界上杀之，与太子白旄，而告界盗见持白旄者杀之。且行，子朔之兄寿，太子异母弟也，知朔之恶太子而君欲杀之，乃谓太子曰：“界盗见太子白旄，即杀太子，太子可毋行。”太子曰：“逆父命求生，不可。”遂行。寿见太子不止，乃盗其白旄而先驰至界。界盗见其验，即杀之。寿已死，而太子伋又至，谓盗曰：“所当杀乃我也。”盗并杀太子伋，以报宣公。宣公乃以子朔为太子。十九年，宣公卒，太子朔立，是为惠公。

左右公子不平朔之立也，惠公四年，左右公子怨惠公之谗杀前太子伋而代立，乃作乱，攻惠公，立太子伋之弟黔牟为君，惠公奔齐。

卫君黔牟立八年，齐襄公率诸侯奉王命共伐卫，纳卫惠公，诛左右公子。卫君黔牟奔于周，惠公复立。惠公立三年出亡，亡八年复入，与前通年凡十三年矣。

二十五年，惠公怨周之容舍黔牟，与燕伐周。周惠王奔温，卫、燕立惠王弟穨为王。二十九年，郑复纳惠王。三十一年，惠公卒，子懿公赤立。

懿公即位，好鹤，淫乐奢侈。九年，翟伐卫，卫懿公欲发兵，兵或畔。大臣言曰：“君好鸖，鸖可令击翟。”翟于是遂入，杀懿公。

懿公之立也，百姓大臣皆不服。自懿公父惠公朔之谗杀太子伋代立至于懿公，常欲败之，卒灭惠公之后而更立黔牟之弟昭伯顽之子申为君，是为戴公。

戴公申元年卒。齐桓公以卫数乱，乃率诸侯伐翟，为卫筑楚丘，立戴公弟燬为卫君，是为文公。文公以乱故奔齐，齐人入之。

初，翟杀懿公也，卫人怜之，思复立宣公前死太子伋之后，伋子又死，而代伋死者子寿又无子。太子伋同母弟二人：其一曰黔牟，黔牟尝代惠公为君，八年复去；其二曰昭伯。昭伯、黔牟皆已前死，故立昭伯子申为戴公。戴公卒，复立其弟燬为文公。

文公初立，轻赋平罪，身自劳，与百姓同苦，以收卫民。

十六年，晋公子重耳过，无礼。十七年，齐桓公卒。二十五年，文公卒，子成公郑立。

成公三年，晋欲假道于卫救宋，成公不许。晋更从南河度，救宋。徵师于卫，卫大夫欲许，成公不肯。大夫元咺攻成公，成公出奔。晋文公重耳伐卫，分其地予宋，讨前过无礼及不救宋患也。卫成公遂出奔陈。二岁，如周求入，与晋文公会。晋使人鸩卫成公，成公私于周主鸩，令薄，得不死。已而周为请晋文公，卒入之卫，而诛元咺，卫君瑕出奔。七年，晋文公卒。十二年，成公朝晋襄公。十四年，秦穆公卒。二十六年，齐邴歜弑其君懿公。三十五年，成公卒，子穆公遫立。

穆公二年，楚庄王伐陈，杀夏徵舒。三年，楚庄王围郑，郑降，复释之。十一年，孙良夫救鲁伐齐，复得侵地。穆公卒，子定公臧立。定公十二年卒，子献公衎立。

献公十三年，公令师曹教宫妾鼓琴，妾不善，曹笞之。妾以幸恶曹于公，公亦笞曹三百。十八年，献公戒孙文子、宁惠子食，皆往。日旰不召，而去射鸿于囿。二子从之，公不释射服与之言。二子怒，如宿。孙文子子数侍公饮，使师曹歌巧言之卒章。师曹又怒公之尝笞三百，乃歌之，欲以怒孙文子，报卫献公。文子语蘧伯玉，伯玉曰：“臣不知也。”遂攻出献公。献公奔齐，齐置卫献公于聚邑。孙文子、宁惠子共立定公弟秋为卫君，是为殇公。

殇公秋立，封孙文子林父于宿。十二年，宁喜与孙林父争宠相恶，殇公使宁喜攻孙林父。林父奔晋，复求入故卫献公。献公在齐，齐景公闻之，与卫献公如晋求入。晋为伐卫，诱与盟。卫殇公会晋平公，平公执殇公与宁喜而复入卫献公。献公亡在外十二年而入。

献公后元年，诛宁喜。

三年，吴延陵季子使过卫，见蘧伯玉、史，曰：“卫多君子，其国无故。”过宿，孙林父为击磬，曰：“不乐，音大悲，使卫乱乃此矣。”是年，献公卒，子襄公恶立。

襄公六年，楚灵王会诸侯，襄公称病不往。

九年，襄公卒。初，襄公有贱妾，幸之，有身，梦有人谓曰：“我康叔也，令若子必有卫，名而子曰‘元’。”妾怪之，问孔成子。成子曰：“康叔者，卫祖也。”及生子，男也，以告襄公。襄公曰：“天所置也。”名之曰元。襄公夫人无子，于是乃立元为嗣，是为灵公。

灵公五年，朝晋昭公。六年，楚公子弃疾弑灵王自立，为平王。十一年，火。

三十八年，孔子来，禄之如鲁。后有隙，孔子去。后复来。

三十九年，太子蒯聩与灵公夫人南子有恶，欲杀南子。蒯聩与其徒戏阳遫谋，朝，使杀夫人。戏阳后悔，不果。蒯聩数目之，夫人觉之，惧，呼曰：“太子欲杀我！”灵公怒，太子蒯聩奔宋，已而之晋赵氏。

四十二年春，灵公游于郊，令子郢仆。郢，灵公少子也，字子南。灵公怨太子出奔，谓郢曰：“我将立若为后。”郢对曰：“郢不足以辱社稷，君更图之。”夏，灵公卒，夫人命子郢为太子，曰：“此灵公命也。”郢曰：“亡人太子蒯聩之子辄在也，不敢当。”于是卫乃以辄为君，是为出公。

六月乙酉，赵简子欲入蒯聩，乃令阳虎诈命卫十余人衰绖归，简子送蒯聩。卫人闻之，发兵击蒯聩。蒯聩不得入，入宿而保，卫人亦罢兵。

出公辄四年，齐田乞弑其君孺子。八年，齐鲍子弑其君悼公。

孔子自陈入卫。九年，孔文子问兵于仲尼，仲尼不对。其后鲁迎仲尼，仲尼反鲁。

十二年，初，孔圉文子取太子蒯聩之姊，生悝。孔氏之竖浑良夫美好，孔文子卒，良夫通于悝母。太子在宿，悝母使良夫于太子。太子与良夫言曰：“苟能入我国，报子以乘轩，免子三死，毋所与。”与之盟，许以悝母为妻。闰月，良夫与太子入，舍孔氏之外圃。昏，二人蒙衣而乘，宦者罗御，如孔氏。孔氏之老栾宁问之，称姻妾以告。遂入，適伯姬氏。既食，悝母杖戈而先，太子与五人介，舆猳从之。伯姬劫悝于厕，强盟之，遂劫以登台。栾宁将饮酒，炙未熟，闻乱，使告仲由。召护驾乘车，行爵食炙，奉出公辄奔鲁。

仲由将入，遇子羔将出，曰：“门已闭矣。”子路曰：“吾姑至矣。”子羔曰：“不及，莫践其难。”子路曰：“食焉不辟其难。”子羔遂出。子路入，及门，公孙敢阖门，曰：“毋入为也！”子路曰：“是公孙也？求利而逃其难。由不然，利其禄，必救其患。”有使者出，子路乃得入。曰：“太子焉用孔悝？虽杀之，必或继之。”且曰：“太子无勇。若燔台，必舍孔叔。”太子闻之，惧，下石乞、盂黡敌子路，以戈击之，割缨。子路曰：“君子死，冠不免。”结缨而死。孔子闻卫乱，曰：“嗟乎！柴也其来乎？由也其死矣。”孔悝竟立太子蒯聩，是为庄公。

庄公蒯聩者，出公父也，居外，怨大夫莫迎立。元年即位，欲尽诛大臣，曰：“寡人居外久矣，子亦尝闻之乎？”群臣欲作乱，乃止。

二年，鲁孔丘卒。

三年，庄公上城，见戎州。曰：“戎虏何为是？”戎州病之。十月，戎州告赵简子，简子围卫。十一月，庄公出奔，卫人立公子斑师为卫君。齐伐卫，虏斑师，更立公子起为卫君。

卫君起元年，卫石曼尃逐其君起，起奔齐。卫出公辄自齐复归立。初，出公立十二年亡，亡在外四年复入。出公后元年，赏从亡者。立二十一年卒，出公季父黔攻出公子而自立，是为悼公。

悼公五年卒，子敬公弗立。敬公十九年卒，子昭公纠立。是时三晋强，卫如小侯，属之。

昭公六年，公子亹弑之代立，是为怀公。怀公十一年，公子穨弑怀公而代立，是为慎公。慎公父，公子適；適父，敬公也。慎公四十二年卒，子声公训立。声公十一年卒，子成侯遫立。

成侯十一年，公孙鞅入秦。十六年，卫更贬号曰侯。

二十九年，成侯卒，子平侯立。平侯八年卒，子嗣君立。

嗣君五年，更贬号曰君，独有濮阳。

四十二年卒，子怀君立。怀君三十一年，朝魏，魏囚杀怀君。魏更立嗣君弟，是为元君。元君为魏婿，故魏立之。元君十四年，秦拔魏东地，秦初置东郡，更徙卫野王县，而并濮阳为东郡。二十五年，元君卒，子君角立。

君角九年，秦并天下，立为始皇帝。二十一年，二世废君角为庶人，卫绝祀。

太史公曰：余读世家言，至于宣公之太子以妇见诛，弟寿争死以相让，此与晋太子申生不敢明骊姬之过同，俱恶伤父之志。然卒死亡，何其悲也！或父子相杀，兄弟相灭，亦独何哉？

Volume 37 · The Hereditary House of Kangshu of Wei, Seventh

司马迁

Kangshu of Wei was named Feng, and was a younger brother of King Wu of Zhou by the same mother. Below him there was still Ranji, and Ranji was the youngest.

When King Wu had overcome Zhou of Yin, he further enfeoffed Zhou's son Wugeng Lufu with the remaining people of Yin, ranking him with the feudal lords, so that he might keep up the sacrifices to his forebears unbroken. Because Wugeng was not yet settled and he feared he might have a treacherous heart, King Wu ordered his younger brothers Guanshu and Caishu to be guardians and counsellors to Wugeng Lufu, so as to bring concord among his people. When King Wu had died and King Cheng was young, Dan the Duke of Zhou governed in King Cheng's stead and took the state in hand. Guanshu and Caishu suspected the Duke of Zhou, and so with Wugeng Lufu made a rebellion, meaning to attack Chengzhou. Dan the Duke of Zhou, by King Cheng's command, raised an army and attacked Yin, killed Wugeng Lufu and Guanshu, and banished Caishu; and with Wugeng's remaining people of Yin he enfeoffed Kangshu as lord of Wei, dwelling in the old ruins of Shang between the He and the Qi.

Dan the Duke of Zhou, fearing that Kangshu was young in years, therefore repeated his charge to Kangshu, saying: "You must seek out the worthy men, gentlemen and elders of Yin, and ask them how Yin of old rose and how it perished, and make it your business to love the people." He told him that the reason Zhou perished was his excess in drink; that the fault of drink was that women were employed by it, and that Zhou's disorder began from this. He made "The Timber" to show what gentlemen may take for their model. And so these are called "The Announcement to Kang," "The Announcement about Drink" and "The Timber," by which he charged him. Kangshu went to his state, and having been charged in this way was able to bring his people into concord and to gather them, and the people were greatly pleased.

When King Cheng grew up and managed affairs, he raised Kangshu to be Minister of Justice of Zhou, and bestowed on Wei the treasure vessels for sacrifice, to make manifest that he had power.

Kangshu died, and his son Kangbo took his place. Kangbo died, and his son Kaobo was set up. Kaobo died, and his son Sibo was set up. Sibo died, and his son □ bo was set up. □ bo died, and his son Jingbo was set up. Jingbo died, and his son Zhenbo was set up. Zhenbo died, and his son Marquis Qing was set up.

Marquis Qing gave rich bribes to King Yi of Zhou, and King Yi ordered that Wei be a marquisate. Marquis Qing was on the throne twelve years and died, and his son Marquis Xi was set up.

In Marquis Xi's thirteenth year King Li of Zhou fled out to Zhi, and the Gonghe carried on the government there. In the twenty-eighth year King Xuan of Zhou was set up.

In the forty-second year Marquis Xi died, and the heir apparent Gongbo Yu was set up as lord. Gongbo's younger brother He was favoured by Marquis Xi and was given many gifts; and He used his gifts to bribe men-at-arms, and with them made a surprise attack on Gongbo at the grave-mound, and Gongbo went into Marquis Xi's tomb-passage and killed himself. The men of Wei accordingly buried him beside Marquis Xi and gave him the posthumous title Gongbo, and set up He as Marquis of Wei: this was Duke Wu.

Duke Wu came to his place and restored Kangshu's government, and the hundred families were in concord and gathered. In the forty-second year the Quanrong killed King You of Zhou; Duke Wu led troops to go and help Zhou pacify the Rong, and did great service, and King Ping of Zhou ordered that Duke Wu be a duke. In the fifty-fifth year he died, and his son Duke Zhuang, Yang, was set up.

In Duke Zhuang's fifth year he took a woman of Qi as his consort; she was beautiful and had no son. He further took a woman of Chen as his consort, who bore a son who died young. The younger sister of the woman of Chen was also favoured by Duke Zhuang, and bore a son, Wan. When Wan's mother died, Duke Zhuang had the consort, the woman of Qi, take him for her son, and he was set up as heir apparent. Duke Zhuang had a favoured concubine who bore a son, Zhouxu. In the eighteenth year Zhouxu grew up and was fond of arms, and Duke Zhuang gave him a command. Shi Que remonstrated with Duke Zhuang, saying: "When a son by a concubine is fond of arms and is given a command, disorder rises from this." He would not listen. In the twenty-third year Duke Zhuang died, and the heir apparent Wan was set up: this was Duke Huan.

In Duke Huan's second year his younger brother Zhouxu was arrogant and extravagant, and Duke Huan cut him down, and Zhouxu fled abroad. In the thirteenth year Duan, the younger brother of the Earl of Zheng, attacked his elder brother, did not prevail and fled; and Zhouxu sought his friendship. In the sixteenth year Zhouxu gathered the fugitives of Wei and made a surprise attack and killed Duke Huan, and Zhouxu set himself up as lord of Wei. For the sake of Duan, the Earl of Zheng's younger brother, he wished to attack Zheng, and asked Song, Chen and Cai to go with him, and all three states consented to Zhouxu. Zhouxu was newly set up and fond of arms, and had killed Duke Huan, and none of the men of Wei loved him. Shi Que then worked through Duke Huan's mother's family in Chen, pretending to be on good terms with Zhouxu. When they reached the outskirts of Zheng, Shi Que plotted together with the Marquis of Chen, and had the Steward of the Right, Chou, bring in the food, and so killed Zhouxu at Pu; and he fetched Duke Huan's younger brother Jin from Xing and set him up: this was Duke Xuan.

In Duke Xuan's seventh year Lu killed its lord Duke Yin. In the ninth year Du of Song killed his lord Duke Shang, and Kongfu with him. In the tenth year Zhuangbo of Quwo in Jin killed his lord Marquis Ai.

The eighteenth year. Earlier, Duke Xuan had loved his consort Yi Jiang; Yi Jiang bore a son, Ji, and he made him heir apparent, and ordered the Prince of the Right to be his tutor. The Prince of the Right took a woman of Qi for the heir apparent; before she had entered his chamber, Duke Xuan saw that the woman meant to be the heir apparent's wife was beautiful, and was pleased and took her himself, and took another woman for the heir apparent instead. Duke Xuan got the woman of Qi, and she bore sons Shou and Shuo, and he ordered the Prince of the Left to be their tutor. When the heir apparent Ji's mother died, Duke Xuan's principal consort with Shuo joined in slandering and maligning the heir apparent Ji. Duke Xuan, because he had himself taken the heir apparent's wife, hated the heir apparent in his heart and wished to depose him; and when he heard evil of him he was greatly enraged, and so sent the heir apparent Ji to Qi, and ordered brigands to waylay and kill him at the border. He gave the heir apparent a white yak-tail standard, and told the brigands at the border that whomever they saw carrying a white yak-tail standard they should kill. As he was about to set out, Shou, Shuo's elder brother and the heir apparent's younger brother by another mother, knowing that Shuo hated the heir apparent and that the lord meant to kill him, said to the heir apparent: "When the brigands at the border see the heir apparent's white standard they will kill the heir apparent; the heir apparent had better not go." The heir apparent said: "To go against a father's command in order to seek life — it cannot be done." And he went. Shou, seeing that the heir apparent would not stop, then stole his white standard and galloped ahead to the border. The brigands at the border saw the token and killed him. Shou being dead, the heir apparent Ji then arrived, and said to the brigands: "The one you ought to have killed is I." The brigands killed the heir apparent Ji as well, and reported to Duke Xuan. Duke Xuan then made Shuo heir apparent. In the nineteenth year Duke Xuan died, and the heir apparent Shuo was set up: this was Duke Hui.

The Princes of the Left and Right were aggrieved at Shuo's being set up. In Duke Hui's fourth year the Princes of the Left and Right, resenting that Duke Hui had by slander killed the former heir apparent Ji and taken his place, made a rebellion and attacked Duke Hui, and set up Qianmou, the heir apparent Ji's younger brother, as lord; and Duke Hui fled to Qi.

Qianmou, lord of Wei, had been on the throne eight years when Duke Xiang of Qi led the feudal lords, bearing the royal command, in a joint attack on Wei, brought in Duke Hui of Wei, and put the Princes of the Left and Right to death. Qianmou, lord of Wei, fled to Zhou, and Duke Hui was set up again. Duke Hui had been on the throne three years when he fled abroad; he was abroad eight years and then came back in; counting with the former period it made thirteen years in all.

In the twenty-fifth year Duke Hui, resenting that Zhou had harboured and sheltered Qianmou, joined Yan in attacking Zhou. King Hui of Zhou fled to Wen, and Wei and Yan set up King Hui's younger brother Tui as king. In the twenty-ninth year Zheng brought King Hui back in again. In the thirty-first year Duke Hui died, and his son Duke Yi, Chi, was set up.

Duke Yi came to his place and was fond of cranes, and was excessive in pleasure and extravagant. In the ninth year the Di attacked Wei; Duke Yi of Wei wished to send out troops, and some of the troops revolted. His great ministers said: "My lord is fond of cranes; let the cranes be ordered to strike at the Di." The Di thereupon entered and killed Duke Yi.

When Duke Yi was set up, the hundred families and the great ministers had all been unsubmissive. From the time when Duke Yi's father Duke Hui, Shuo, by slander killed the heir apparent Ji and took his place, down to Duke Yi, they had constantly wished to bring him down; and in the end they destroyed Duke Hui's posterity and set up instead Shen, the son of Qianmou's younger brother Zhaobo Wan, as lord: this was Duke Dai.

Duke Dai, Shen, died in his first year. Duke Huan of Qi, because Wei had had repeated disorders, then led the feudal lords in attacking the Di, and walled Chuqiu for Wei, and set up Duke Dai's younger brother Hui as lord of Wei: this was Duke Wen. Duke Wen because of the disorders had fled to Qi, and the men of Qi brought him in.

Earlier, when the Di killed Duke Yi, the men of Wei pitied him, and thought to set up again the posterity of Duke Xuan's heir apparent Ji, who had died before him; but Ji's son too had died, and Shou, who had died in Ji's place, had no son either. The heir apparent Ji had two younger brothers by the same mother: the one was called Qianmou, and Qianmou had once been lord in place of Duke Hui and after eight years had gone away again; the other was Zhaobo. Zhaobo and Qianmou had both died before this, and so they set up Zhaobo's son Shen as Duke Dai. Duke Dai died, and they set up his younger brother Hui as Duke Wen.

When Duke Wen was first set up, he lightened the taxes and made the punishments even, toiled in his own person, and shared hardship with the hundred families, so as to gather in the people of Wei.

In the sixteenth year Prince Chonger of Jin passed through, and he was discourteous to him. In the seventeenth year Duke Huan of Qi died. In the twenty-fifth year Duke Wen died, and his son Duke Cheng, Zheng, was set up.

In Duke Cheng's third year Jin wished to borrow a road through Wei to rescue Song, and Duke Cheng would not allow it. Jin crossed by the southern He instead, and rescued Song. It requisitioned troops from Wei, and the grandees of Wei wished to consent, but Duke Cheng would not. The grandee Yuan Xuan attacked Duke Cheng, and Duke Cheng fled abroad. Duke Wen of Jin, Chonger, attacked Wei and divided its land and gave it to Song, punishing the former discourtesy and the failure to rescue Song in its trouble. Duke Cheng of Wei thereupon fled to Chen. Two years later he went to Zhou to seek to be brought back, and met with Duke Wen of Jin. Jin sent a man to poison Duke Cheng of Wei; Duke Cheng worked privately on the man in charge of the poison at Zhou, and had the dose made weak, and so did not die. Afterwards Zhou made a petition to Duke Wen of Jin, and in the end brought him back into Wei; and Yuan Xuan was put to death, and Xia, lord of Wei, fled abroad. In the seventh year Duke Wen of Jin died. In the twelfth year Duke Cheng paid court to Duke Xiang of Jin. In the fourteenth year Duke Mu of Qin died. In the twenty-sixth year Bing Chu of Qi killed his lord Duke Yi. In the thirty-fifth year Duke Cheng died, and his son Duke Mu, Su, was set up.

In Duke Mu's second year King Zhuang of Chu attacked Chen and killed Xia Zhengshu. In the third year King Zhuang of Chu besieged Zheng; Zheng surrendered, and he released it again. In the eleventh year Sun Liangfu rescued Lu and attacked Qi, and recovered the lands that had been taken. Duke Mu died, and his son Duke Ding, Zang, was set up. Duke Ding died in his twelfth year, and his son Duke Xian, Kan, was set up.

In Duke Xian's thirteenth year the duke ordered the music master Cao to teach a palace concubine to play the zither; the concubine did not do well, and Cao caned her. The concubine used her favour to malign Cao to the duke, and the duke also caned Cao three hundred strokes. In the eighteenth year Duke Xian appointed Sun Wenzi and Ning Huizi to dine with him, and both went. The day drew late and they were not summoned, and he had gone off to shoot wild geese in the park. The two men followed him there, and the duke did not take off his shooting dress to speak with them. The two men were angry and went to Su. Sun Wenzi's son had several times waited on the duke at his drinking, and the duke had the music master Cao sing the last stanza of the ode "Artful Words." The music master Cao, being moreover angry at the duke's having once caned him three hundred strokes, sang it, meaning by it to enrage Sun Wenzi and so repay Duke Xian of Wei. Wenzi spoke of it to Qu Boyu, and Boyu said: "Your servant knows nothing of it." And so they attacked and drove out Duke Xian. Duke Xian fled to Qi, and Qi settled Duke Xian of Wei at the town of Ju. Sun Wenzi and Ning Huizi together set up Duke Ding's younger brother Qiu as lord of Wei: this was Duke Shang.

Duke Shang, Qiu, being set up, enfeoffed Sun Wenzi Linfu at Su. In the twelfth year Ning Xi and Sun Linfu contended for favour and were on bad terms, and Duke Shang had Ning Xi attack Sun Linfu. Linfu fled to Jin, and there sought to bring back the former Duke Xian of Wei. Duke Xian was in Qi, and Duke Jing of Qi hearing of it went with Duke Xian of Wei to Jin to seek his return. Jin on that account attacked Wei and lured them into a covenant. Duke Shang of Wei met Duke Ping of Jin, and Duke Ping seized Duke Shang and Ning Xi and brought Duke Xian of Wei back in. Duke Xian had been abroad twelve years when he came back.

In Duke Xian's first year after his restoration, he put Ning Xi to death.

In the third year Jizi of Yanling of Wu passed through Wei on a mission; he saw Qu Boyu and Shi, and said: "Wei has many gentlemen; the state will have no troubles." Passing through Su, Sun Linfu had the chiming-stones struck for him, and he said: "It is not joyful; the sound is deeply mournful. What has made Wei disorderly is just this." In that year Duke Xian died, and his son Duke Xiang, E, was set up.

In Duke Xiang's sixth year King Ling of Chu assembled the feudal lords, and Duke Xiang pleaded illness and did not go.

In the ninth year Duke Xiang died. Earlier, Duke Xiang had a low-born concubine whom he favoured; she conceived, and dreamed that someone said to her: "I am Kangshu. I will have your son possess Wei; name your son 'Yuan'." The concubine thought it strange and asked Kong Chengzi about it. Chengzi said: "Kangshu was the ancestor of Wei." When the child was born it was a boy, and she reported it to Duke Xiang. Duke Xiang said: "It is Heaven's placing." And he named him Yuan. Duke Xiang's consort had no son, and so Yuan was set up as successor: this was Duke Ling.

In Duke Ling's fifth year he paid court to Duke Zhao of Jin. In the sixth year Prince Qiji of Chu killed King Ling and set himself up as King Ping. In the eleventh year there was a fire.

In the thirty-eighth year Confucius came, and was given a stipend as in Lu. Afterwards there was a rift and Confucius left. Later he came again.

In the thirty-ninth year the heir apparent Kuaikui was on bad terms with Duke Ling's consort Nanzi and wished to kill Nanzi. Kuaikui plotted with his follower Xiyang Su that at the morning court he should kill the consort. Xiyang afterwards repented and did not carry it out. Kuaikui glanced at him repeatedly, and the consort became aware of it and was afraid, and cried out: "The heir apparent means to kill me!" Duke Ling was enraged, and the heir apparent Kuaikui fled to Song, and afterwards to the Zhao family in Jin.

In the spring of the forty-second year Duke Ling was travelling in the outskirts, and ordered his son Ying to drive. Ying was Duke Ling's youngest son, styled Zinan. Duke Ling, resentful that the heir apparent had fled abroad, said to Ying: "I shall set you up as my successor." Ying answered: "Ying is not worthy to bring disgrace on the altars of the state; let my lord think again." In the summer Duke Ling died, and the consort ordered that Ying be made heir apparent, saying: "This was Duke Ling's command." Ying said: "The exile, the heir apparent Kuaikui's son Zhe, is here; I dare not take it." Thereupon Wei made Zhe its lord: this was Duke Chu.

On the day yiyou of the sixth month, Zhao Jianzi wished to bring Kuaikui in, and so had Yang Hu falsely order ten and more men of Wei to go home in mourning garb, and Jianzi escorted Kuaikui. The men of Wei heard of it and sent out troops to strike at Kuaikui. Kuaikui could not get in, and went into Su and held it, and the men of Wei also broke off the campaign.

In Duke Chu Zhe's fourth year Tian Qi of Qi killed his lord the Young Ruler. In the eighth year Master Bao of Qi killed his lord Duke Dao.

Confucius came into Wei from Chen. In the ninth year Kong Wenzi asked Zhongni about warfare, and Zhongni did not answer. Afterwards Lu welcomed Zhongni back, and Zhongni returned to Lu.

The twelfth year. Earlier, Kong Yu Wenzi had taken the elder sister of the heir apparent Kuaikui to wife, who bore Kui. A page of the Kong household, Hun Liangfu, was handsome; and when Kong Wenzi died, Liangfu had an intrigue with Kui's mother. The heir apparent was at Su, and Kui's mother sent Liangfu to the heir apparent. The heir apparent said to Liangfu: "If you can get me into my state, I will repay you with a carriage of office and exempt you from three capital offences, and take nothing from you." He made a covenant with him, and promised him Kui's mother to wife. In the intercalary month, Liangfu and the heir apparent went in and lodged in the outer garden of the Kong house. At dusk the two of them covered their heads with robes and rode, with a eunuch, Luo, driving, and went to the Kong house. The Kong steward Luan Ning asked about them, and they gave out that they were women of the family by marriage. So they went in and came to the lady Boji. When they had eaten, Kui's mother went first with a dagger-axe in her hand, and the heir apparent with five men in armour followed, with a boar carried on a litter. Boji seized Kui in the privy and forced him into a covenant, and then seized him and went up a terrace with him. Luan Ning was about to drink wine, and the roast was not yet done, when he heard of the disorder and sent word to Zhong You. He called Hu to harness his carriage, and drinking his cup and eating his roast, he carried Duke Chu Zhe off in flight to Lu.

Zhong You was about to go in when he met Zigao coming out, who said: "The gates are already shut." Zilu said: "I will go there for a moment." Zigao said: "You will not be in time; do not tread into their trouble." Zilu said: "I have eaten their food; I will not avoid their trouble." Zigao thereupon went out. Zilu went in, and reaching the gate Gongsun Gan shut it and said: "There is no use in going in!" Zilu said: "Is this Gongsun? He seeks profit and runs from its trouble. You is not so: having taken profit in his stipend, he must save him in his peril." An envoy came out, and Zilu was able to go in. He said: "What use has the heir apparent for Kong Kui? Though he kill him, someone will surely take his place." And he said: "The heir apparent has no courage. If we set fire to the terrace, he will surely let Kong Shu go." The heir apparent heard it and was afraid, and sent down Shi Qi and Yu Yan to face Zilu; they struck at him with a dagger-axe and cut his cap-strings. Zilu said: "When a gentleman dies, his cap does not come off." And he tied his cap-strings and died. When Confucius heard of the disorder in Wei, he said: "Alas! Chai will come back; but You is dead." Kong Kui in the end set up the heir apparent Kuaikui: this was Duke Zhuang.

Duke Zhuang, Kuaikui, was Duke Chu's father; he had lived abroad and bore a grudge that the grandees had not come to meet and set him up. In his first year he came to the throne and wished to put all the great ministers to death, saying: "I have lived abroad a long while; have you too heard of it?" The body of ministers were about to make a rebellion, and so he stopped.

In the second year Kong Qiu of Lu died.

In the third year Duke Zhuang went up on the city wall and saw the Rong quarter. He said: "What are these Rong captives doing here?" The people of the Rong quarter took it ill. In the tenth month the Rong quarter reported to Zhao Jianzi, and Jianzi besieged Wei. In the eleventh month Duke Zhuang fled abroad, and the men of Wei set up Prince Banshi as lord of Wei. Qi attacked Wei and took Banshi prisoner, and set up Prince Qi instead as lord of Wei.

In the first year of Qi, lord of Wei, Shi Manfu of Wei drove out his lord Qi, and Qi fled to Qi. Duke Chu Zhe of Wei came back from Qi and was set up again. Earlier, Duke Chu had been on the throne twelve years when he fled; he was abroad four years and then came back in. In Duke Chu's first year after his restoration, he rewarded those who had gone into exile with him. He was on the throne twenty-one years and died, and Duke Chu's uncle Qian attacked Duke Chu's son and set himself up: this was Duke Dao.

Duke Dao died in his fifth year, and his son Duke Jing, Fu, was set up. Duke Jing died in his nineteenth year, and his son Duke Zhao, Jiu, was set up. At this time the Three Jin were strong, and Wei was like a petty lordship and attached to them.

In Duke Zhao's sixth year Prince Wei killed him and took his place: this was Duke Huai. In Duke Huai's eleventh year Prince Tui killed Duke Huai and took his place: this was Duke Shen. Duke Shen's father was Prince Shi; Shi's father was Duke Jing. Duke Shen died in his forty-second year, and his son Duke Sheng, Xun, was set up. Duke Sheng died in his eleventh year, and his son Marquis Cheng, Su, was set up.

In Marquis Cheng's eleventh year Gongsun Yang entered Qin. In the sixteenth year Wei further lowered its title to marquis.

In the twenty-ninth year Marquis Cheng died, and his son Marquis Ping was set up. Marquis Ping died in his eighth year, and his son Lord Si was set up.

In Lord Si's fifth year the title was further lowered to lord, and he held Puyang alone.

He died in the forty-second year, and his son Lord Huai was set up. In Lord Huai's thirty-first year he paid court to Wei, and Wei imprisoned and killed Lord Huai. Wei set up Lord Si's younger brother instead: this was Lord Yuan. Lord Yuan was a son-in-law of Wei, and so Wei set him up. In Lord Yuan's fourteenth year Qin took the eastern lands of Wei, and Qin first set up the commandery of Dongjun, and moved Wei to the county of Yewang instead, and joined Puyang to the commandery of Dongjun. In the twenty-fifth year Lord Yuan died, and his son Lord Jiao was set up.

In Lord Jiao's ninth year Qin united the empire and was set up as the First Emperor. In the twenty-first year the Second Emperor reduced Lord Jiao to a commoner, and Wei's sacrifices were cut off.

The Lord Grand Astrologer says: I have read the words of the hereditary houses, and when I came to Duke Xuan's heir apparent being put to death on account of a woman, and his younger brother Shou contending to die so as to yield to him, this is the same as the heir apparent Shensheng of Jin not daring to make plain Li Ji's fault: both hated to injure their father's purpose. Yet in the end they died and perished — how sad it is! Or else fathers and sons kill one another, and brothers destroy one another. Why should this be so?