卷五十二·齐悼惠王世家第二十二
卷五十二·齐悼惠王世家第二十二
司马迁
齐悼惠王刘肥者，高祖长庶男也。其母外妇也，曰曹氏。高祖六年，立肥为齐王，食七十城，诸民能齐言者皆予齐王。
齐王，孝惠帝兄也。孝惠帝二年，齐王入朝。惠帝与齐王燕饮，亢礼如家人。吕太后怒，且诛齐王。齐王惧不得脱，乃用其内史勋计，献城阳郡，以为鲁元公主汤沐邑。吕太后喜，乃得辞就国。
悼惠王即位十三年，以惠帝六年卒。子襄立，是为哀王。
哀王元年，孝惠帝崩，吕太后称制，天下事皆决于高后。二年，高后立其兄子郦侯吕台为吕王，割齐之济南郡为吕王奉邑。
哀王三年，其弟章入宿卫于汉，吕太后封为朱虚侯，以吕禄女妻之。后四年，封章弟兴居为东牟侯，皆宿卫长安中。
哀王八年，高后割齐琅邪郡立营陵侯刘泽为琅邪王。
其明年，赵王友入朝，幽死于邸。三赵王皆废。高后立诸吕为三王，擅权用事。
朱虚侯年二十，有气力，忿刘氏不得职。尝入侍高后燕饮，高后令朱虚侯刘章为酒吏。章自请曰：“臣，将种也，请得以军法行酒。”高后曰：“可。”酒酣，章进饮歌舞。已而曰：“请为太后言耕田歌。”高后儿子畜之，笑曰：“顾而父知田耳。若生而为王子，安知田乎？”章曰：“臣知之。”太后曰：“试为我言田。”章曰：“深耕穊种，立苗欲疏，非其种者，鉏而去之。”吕后默然。顷之，诸吕有一人醉，亡酒，章追，拔剑斩之，而还报曰：“有亡酒一人，臣谨行法斩之。”太后左右皆大惊。业已许其军法，无以罪也。因罢。自是之后，诸吕惮朱虚侯，虽大臣皆依朱虚侯，刘氏为益强。
其明年，高后崩。赵王吕禄为上将军，吕王产为相国，皆居长安中，聚兵以威大臣，欲为乱。朱虚侯章以吕禄女为妇，知其谋，乃使人阴出告其兄齐王，欲令发兵西，朱虚侯、东牟侯为内应，以诛诸吕，因立齐王为帝。
齐王既闻此计，乃与其舅父驷钧、郎中令祝午、中尉魏勃阴谋发兵。齐相召平闻之，乃发卒卫王宫。魏勃绐召平曰：“王欲发兵，非有汉虎符验也。而相君围王，固善。勃请为君将兵卫卫王。”召平信之，乃使魏勃将兵围王宫。勃既将兵，使围相府。召平曰：“嗟乎！道家之言‘当断不断，反受其乱’，乃是也。”遂自杀。于是齐王以驷钧为相，魏勃为将军，祝午为内史，悉发国中兵。使祝午东诈琅邪王曰：“吕氏作乱，齐王发兵欲西诛之。齐王自以儿子，年少，不习兵革之事，愿举国委大王。大王自高帝将也，习战事。齐王不敢离兵，使臣请大王幸之临菑见齐王计事，并将齐兵以西平关中之乱。”琅邪王信之，以为然，乃驰见齐王。齐王与魏勃等因留琅邪王，而使祝午尽发琅邪国而并将其兵。
琅邪王刘泽既见欺，不得反国，乃说齐王曰：“齐悼惠王高皇帝长子，推本言之，而大王高皇帝適长孙也，当立。今诸大臣狐疑未有所定，而泽于刘氏最为长年，大臣固待泽决计。今大王留臣无为也，不如使我入关计事。”齐王以为然，乃益具车送琅邪王。
琅邪王既行，齐遂举兵西攻吕国之济南。于是齐哀王遗诸侯王书曰：“高帝平定天下，王诸子弟，悼惠王于齐。悼惠王薨，惠帝使留侯张良立臣为齐王。惠帝崩，高后用事，春秋高，听诸吕擅废高帝所立，又杀三赵王，灭梁、燕、赵以王诸吕，分齐国为四。忠臣进谏，上惑乱不听。今高后崩，皇帝春秋富，未能治天下，固恃大臣诸侯。今诸吕又擅自尊官，聚兵严威，劫列侯忠臣，矫制以令天下，宗庙所以危。今寡人率兵入诛不当为王者。”
汉闻齐发兵而西，相国吕产乃遣大将军灌婴东击之。灌婴至荥阳，乃谋曰：“诸吕将兵居关中，欲危刘氏而自立。我今破齐还报，是益吕氏资也。”乃留兵屯荥阳，使使喻齐王及诸侯，与连和，以待吕氏之变而共诛之。齐王闻之，乃西取其故济南郡，亦屯兵于齐西界以待约。
吕禄、吕产欲作乱关中，朱虚侯与太尉勃、丞相平等诛之。朱虚侯首先斩吕产，于是太尉勃等乃得尽诛诸吕。而琅邪王亦从齐至长安。
大臣议欲立齐王，而琅邪王及大臣曰：“齐王母家驷钧，恶戾，虎而冠者也。方以吕氏故几乱天下，今又立齐王，是欲复为吕氏也。代王母家薄氏，君子长者；且代王又亲高帝子，于今见在，且最为长。以子则顺，以善人则大臣安。”于是大臣乃谋迎立代王，而遣朱虚侯以诛吕氏事告齐王，令罢兵。
灌婴在荥阳，闻魏勃本教齐王反，既诛吕氏，罢齐兵，使使召责问魏勃。勃曰：“失火之家，岂暇先言大人而后救火乎！”因退立，股战而栗，恐不能言者，终无他语。灌将军熟视笑曰：“人谓魏勃勇，妄庸人耳，何能为乎！”乃罢魏勃。魏勃父以善鼓琴见秦皇帝。及魏勃少时，欲求见齐相曹参，家贫无以自通，乃常独早夜埽齐相舍人门外。相舍人怪之，以为物，而伺之，得勃。勃曰：“愿见相君，无因，故为子埽，欲以求见。”于是舍人见勃曹参，因以为舍人。一为参御，言事，参以为贤，言之齐悼惠王。悼惠王召见，则拜为内史。始，悼惠王得自置二千石。及悼惠王卒而哀王立，勃用事，重于齐相。
王既罢兵归，而代王来立，是为孝文帝。
孝文帝元年，尽以高后时所割齐之城阳、琅邪、济南郡复与齐，而徙琅邪王王燕，益封朱虚侯、东牟侯各二千户。
是岁，齐哀王卒，太子则立，是为文王。
齐文王元年，汉以齐之城阳郡立朱虚侯为城阳王，以齐济北郡立东牟侯为济北王。
二年，济北王反，汉诛杀之，地入于汉。
后二年，孝文帝尽封齐悼惠王子罢军等七人皆为列侯。
齐文王立十四年卒，无子，国除，地入于汉。
后一岁，孝文帝以所封悼惠王子分齐为王，齐孝王将闾以悼惠王子杨虚侯为齐王。故齐别郡尽以王悼惠王子：子志为济北王，子辟光为济南王，子贤为菑川王，子卬为胶西王，子雄渠为胶东王，与城阳、齐凡七王。
齐孝王十一年，吴王濞、楚王戊反，兴兵西，告诸侯曰“将诛汉贼臣晁错以安宗庙”。胶西、胶东、菑川、济南皆擅发兵应吴楚。欲与齐，齐孝王狐疑，城守不听，三国兵共围齐。齐王使路中大夫告于天子。天子复令路中大夫还告齐王：“善坚守，吾兵今破吴楚矣。”路中大夫至，三国兵围临菑数重，无从入。三国将劫与路中大夫盟，曰：“若反言汉已破矣，齐趣下三国，不且见屠。”路中大夫既许之，至城下，望见齐王，曰：“汉已发兵百万，使太尉周亚夫击破吴楚，方引兵救齐，齐必坚守无下！”三国将诛路中大夫。
齐初围急，阴与三国通谋，约未定，会闻路中大夫从汉来，喜，及其大臣乃复劝王毋下三国。居无何，汉将栾布、平阳侯等兵至齐，击破三国兵，解齐围。已而复闻齐初与三国有谋，将欲移兵伐齐。齐孝王惧，乃饮药自杀。景帝闻之，以为齐首善，以迫劫有谋，非其罪也，乃立孝王太子寿为齐王，是为懿王，续齐后。而胶西、胶东、济南、菑川王咸诛灭，地入于汉。徙济北王王菑川。齐懿王立二十二年卒，子次景立，是为厉王。
齐厉王，其母曰纪太后。太后取其弟纪氏女为厉王后。王不爱纪氏女。太后欲其家重宠，令其长女纪翁主入王宫，正其后宫，毋令得近王，欲令爱纪氏女。王因与其姊翁主奸。
齐有宦者徐甲，入事汉皇太后。皇太后有爱女曰脩成君，脩成君非刘氏，太后怜之。脩成君有女名娥，太后欲嫁之于诸侯，宦者甲乃请使齐，必令王上书请娥。皇太后喜，使甲之齐。是时齐人主父偃知甲之使齐以取后事，亦因谓甲：“即事成，幸言偃女愿得充王后宫。”甲既至齐，风以此事。纪太后大怒，曰：“王有后，后宫具备。且甲，齐贫人，急乃为宦者，入事汉，无补益，乃欲乱吾王家！且主父偃何为者？乃欲以女充后宫！”徐甲大穷，还报皇太后曰：“王已愿尚娥，然有一害，恐如燕王。”燕王者，与其子昆弟奸，新坐以死，亡国，故以燕感太后。太后曰：“无复言嫁女齐事。”事浸浔闻于天子。主父偃由此亦与齐有卻。
主父偃方幸于天子，用事，因言：“齐临菑十万户，市租千金，人众殷富，巨于长安，此非天子亲弟爱子不得王此。今齐王于亲属益疏。”乃从容言：“吕太后时齐欲反，吴楚时孝王几为乱。今闻齐王与其姊乱。”于是天子乃拜主父偃为齐相，且正其事。主父偃既至齐，乃急治王后宫宦者为王通于姊翁主所者，令其辞证皆引王。王年少，惧大罪为吏所执诛，乃饮药自杀。绝无后。
是时赵王惧主父偃一出废齐，恐其渐疏骨肉，乃上书言偃受金及轻重之短。天子亦既囚偃。公孙弘言：“齐王以忧死毋后，国入汉，非诛偃无以塞天下之望。”遂诛偃。
齐厉王立五年死，毋后，国入于汉。
齐悼惠王后尚有二国，城阳及菑川。菑川地比齐。天子怜齐，为悼惠王冢园在郡，割临菑东环悼惠王冢园邑尽以予菑川，以奉悼惠王祭祀。
城阳景王章，齐悼惠王子，以朱虚侯与大臣共诛诸吕，而章身首先斩相国吕王产于未央宫。孝文帝既立，益封章二千户，赐金千斤。孝文二年，以齐之城阳郡立章为城阳王。立二年卒，子喜立，是为共王。
共王八年，徙王淮南。四年，复还王城阳。凡三十三年卒，子延立，是为顷王。
顷王二十六年卒，子义立，是为敬王。敬王九年卒，子武立，是为惠王。惠王十一年卒，子顺立，是为荒王。荒王四十六年卒，子恢立，是为戴王。戴王八年卒，子景立，至建始三年，十五岁，卒。
济北王兴居，齐悼惠王子，以东牟侯助大臣诛诸吕，功少。及文帝从代来，兴居曰：“请与太仆婴入清宫。”废少帝，共与大臣尊立孝文帝。
孝文帝二年，以齐之济北郡立兴居为济北王，与城阳王俱立。立二年，反。始大臣诛吕氏时，朱虚侯功尤大，许尽以赵地王朱虚侯，尽以梁地王东牟侯。及孝文帝立，闻朱虚、东牟之初欲立齐王，故绌其功。及二年，王诸子，乃割齐二郡以王章、兴居。章、兴居自以失职夺功。章死，而兴居闻匈奴大入汉，汉多发兵，使丞相灌婴击之，文帝亲幸太原，以为天子自击胡，遂发兵反于济北。天子闻之，罢丞相及行兵，皆归长安。使棘蒲侯柴将军击破虏济北王，王自杀，地入于汉，为郡。
后十三年，文帝十六年，复以齐悼惠王子安都侯志为济北王。十一年，吴楚反时，志坚守，不与诸侯合谋。吴楚已平，徙志王菑川。
济南王辟光，齐悼惠王子，以勒侯孝文十六年为济南王。十一年，与吴楚反。汉击破，杀辟光，以济南为郡，地入于汉。
菑川王贤，齐悼惠王子，以武城侯文帝十六年为菑川王。十一年，与吴楚反，汉击破，杀贤。
天子因徙济北王志王菑川。志亦齐悼惠王子，以安都侯王济北。菑川王反，毋后，乃徙济北王王菑川。凡立三十五年卒，谥为懿王。子建代立，是为靖王。二十年卒，子遗代立，是为顷王。三十六年卒，子终古立，是为思王。二十八年卒，子尚立，是为孝王。五年卒，子横立，至建始三年，十一岁，卒。
胶西王卬，齐悼惠王子，以昌平侯文帝十六年为胶西王。十一年，与吴楚反。汉击破，杀卬，地入于汉，为胶西郡。
胶东王雄渠，齐悼惠王子，以白石侯文帝十六年为胶东王。十一年，与吴楚反，汉击破，杀雄渠，地入于汉，为胶东郡。
太史公曰：诸侯大国无过齐悼惠王。以海内初定，子弟少，激秦之无尺土封，故大封同姓，以填万民之心。及后分裂，固其理也。
Volume 52 · The Hereditary House of King Daohui of Qi, Twenty-second
司马迁
King Daohui of Qi, Liu Fei, was Gaozu's eldest son by a concubine. His mother was a woman outside the household, called the Cao clan. In Gaozu's sixth year he set up Fei as King of Qi, with seventy cities to eat from; and all those among the people who could speak the Qi tongue were given to the King of Qi.
The King of Qi was the Emperor Xiaohui's elder brother. In the Emperor Xiaohui's second year the King of Qi came to court. Emperor Hui drank privately with the King of Qi, and they met as equals like men of one household. The Empress Dowager Lü was angry and was about to put the King of Qi to death. The King of Qi, fearing he could not get clear, then used the plan of his Interior Scribe Xun and presented the commandery of Chengyang to be a bathing appanage for the Princess Yuan of Lu. The Empress Dowager Lü was glad, and so he was able to take his leave and go to his state.
King Daohui had come to his place thirteen years when he died, in Emperor Hui's sixth year. His son Xiang was set up: this was King Ai.
In King Ai's first year the Emperor Xiaohui died and the Empress Dowager Lü took up the imperial sway, and all the affairs of the empire were decided by the Empress Dowager Gao. In the second year the Empress Dowager Gao set up her elder brother's son Lü Tai, Marquis of Li, as King of Lü, and carved off Qi's commandery of Jinan as the King of Lü's maintenance town.
In King Ai's third year his younger brother Zhang went in to the palace guard at Han, and the Empress Dowager Lü enfeoffed him as Marquis of Zhuxu and gave him Lü Lu's daughter to wife. Four years later she enfeoffed Zhang's younger brother Xingju as Marquis of Dongmou, and both were in the palace guard at Chang'an.
In King Ai's eighth year the Empress Dowager Gao carved off Qi's commandery of Langye and set up Liu Ze, Marquis of Yingling, as King of Langye.
The next year You, King of Zhao, came to court and was shut up and died at his mansion. All three Kings of Zhao were done away with. The Empress Dowager Gao set up the several Lü as three kings, and engrossed the power and managed affairs.
The Marquis of Zhuxu was twenty and had spirit and strength, and was angry that the Liu clan should not have their due place. He once went in to attend the Empress Dowager Gao at a private drinking, and the Empress Dowager Gao had the Marquis of Zhuxu, Liu Zhang, be the master of the wine. Zhang asked leave himself, saying: "Your servant is of a general's stock; I beg to be allowed to carry the wine round by military law." The Empress Dowager Gao said: "You may." When the drinking was at its height, Zhang came forward with drinking and singing and dancing. And then he said: "Let me speak the Empress Dowager a ploughing song." The Empress Dowager Gao, treating him as a mere boy, laughed and said: "It is your father who would know about ploughing. Born as you were a king's son, what should you know of ploughing?" Zhang said: "Your servant knows it." The Empress Dowager said: "Try speaking me a ploughing song, then." Zhang said: "Plough deep and sow thick; when the shoots stand up you want them thinned; and whatever is not of the right seed, hoe it out." The Empress Lü was silent. Presently one of the several Lü was drunk and slipped away from the wine, and Zhang pursued him, drew his sword and cut him down, and came back to report: "There was one who slipped away from the wine; your servant has carefully carried out the law and cut him down." Those about the Empress Dowager were all greatly startled. As she had already granted him military law, there was no way to hold him at fault. Accordingly it broke up. From this time on the several Lü were in dread of the Marquis of Zhuxu, and even the great ministers all relied on the Marquis of Zhuxu, and the Liu clan grew the stronger for it.
The next year the Empress Dowager Gao died. Lü Lu, King of Zhao, was Supreme General and Lü Chan, King of Lü, was Chancellor of State, and both were in Chang'an, gathering troops to overawe the great ministers, meaning to make a rebellion. The Marquis of Zhuxu, Zhang, having Lü Lu's daughter to wife, knew of their plot, and so had men secretly go out and tell his elder brother the King of Qi, wishing to have him send out troops westward, with the Marquis of Zhuxu and the Marquis of Dongmou to answer from within, so as to put the several Lü to death and accordingly set up the King of Qi as Emperor.
The King of Qi, having heard of this plan, then with his maternal uncle Si Jun, the Prefect of the Gentlemen Zhu Wu and the Commandant Wei Bo secretly plotted to send out troops. Shao Ping, chancellor of Qi, heard of it and sent out soldiers to guard the king's palace. Wei Bo deceived Shao Ping: "The king wishes to send out troops, and he has no Han tiger tally to verify it. And that you, sir, the chancellor, should surround the king is certainly good. Bo asks leave to command troops for you, sir, and guard and defend the king." Shao Ping believed him, and so had Wei Bo lead troops and surround the king's palace. Bo, having got command of the troops, had them surround the chancellor's office. Shao Ping said: "Alas! The Daoist saying, 'when one ought to cut and does not cut, one suffers the disorder of it instead' — this is it." And he thereupon killed himself. Thereupon the King of Qi made Si Jun chancellor, Wei Bo general and Zhu Wu Interior Scribe, and sent out all the troops in the state. He sent Zhu Wu east to deceive the King of Langye, saying: "The Lü clan is making a rebellion, and the King of Qi has sent out troops meaning to go west and put them to death. The King of Qi, reckoning himself a mere boy, young in years and unpractised in the business of arms and armour, wishes to commit the whole state to your great self. Your great self was a general under the Exalted Emperor and is practised in the business of war. The King of Qi dares not leave his troops, and sends your servant to ask your great self to be so good as to come to Linzi and see the King of Qi and take counsel on the matter, and command the Qi troops as well and go west to settle the disorder within the Pass." The King of Langye believed him and thought it right, and so galloped to see the King of Qi. The King of Qi with Wei Bo and the rest accordingly kept the King of Langye there, and sent Zhu Wu to raise the whole state of Langye and take command of its troops as well.
Liu Ze, King of Langye, having been cheated and being unable to get back to his state, then urged the King of Qi: "King Daohui of Qi was the Exalted Emperor's eldest son; tracing it back to the root, your great self is the Exalted Emperor's rightful eldest grandson, and ought to be set up. Now the several great ministers are in doubt and have settled nothing, and Ze among the Liu clan is the oldest in years, and the great ministers are certainly waiting on Ze to decide the plan. There is nothing to be done by your great self's keeping me here; better to send me in through the Pass to take counsel on the matter." The King of Qi thought it right, and so furnished more carriages and sent the King of Langye off.
The King of Langye having gone, Qi thereupon raised troops and attacked westward at the Lü state's Jinan. Thereupon King Ai of Qi sent the feudal kings a letter: "The Exalted Emperor subdued and settled the empire and made his sons and brothers kings, and King Daohui in Qi. King Daohui died, and Emperor Hui had Zhang Liang, Marquis of Liu, set up your servant as King of Qi. Emperor Hui died and the Empress Dowager Gao managed affairs; her years being high, she listened to the several Lü, who took it on themselves to do away with those the Exalted Emperor had set up, and killed three Kings of Zhao besides, and destroyed Liang, Yan and Zhao to make the several Lü kings, and divided the state of Qi into four. Loyal subjects came forward to remonstrate, and His Majesty above was deluded and disordered and would not listen. Now the Empress Dowager Gao is dead, and the Emperor's years are full of promise but he cannot yet govern the empire, and must rely on his great ministers and feudal lords. Now the several Lü have further taken it on themselves to make their own offices honoured, have gathered troops and made their authority severe, have coerced the ranking marquises and the loyal subjects, and forge decrees to give commands to the empire; and by this the ancestral temples are in peril. Now I lead troops in to put to death those who ought not to be kings."
Han heard that Qi had sent out troops and gone west, and the Chancellor of State Lü Chan then sent the Grand General Guan Ying east to strike at them. Guan Ying reached Xingyang and then took counsel: "The several Lü command troops in the country within the Pass, wishing to endanger the Liu clan and set themselves up. If I now break Qi and go back and report, that is to add to the Lü clan's resources." So he kept his troops encamped at Xingyang, and sent envoys to make it plain to the King of Qi and to the feudal lords, and joined in league with them, so as to wait for the Lü clan's move and put them to death together. The King of Qi heard of it, and so went west and took back his own former commandery of Jinan, and likewise encamped troops on Qi's western border to wait for the agreed time.
Lü Lu and Lü Chan wished to make a rebellion within the Pass, and the Marquis of Zhuxu with the Grand Commandant Bo and the Chancellor Ping and the rest put them to death. The Marquis of Zhuxu was the first to cut down Lü Chan, and thereupon the Grand Commandant Bo and the rest were able to put all the several Lü to death. And the King of Langye also came from Qi to Chang'an.
The great ministers deliberated and wished to set up the King of Qi, but the King of Langye and the great ministers said: "The King of Qi's mother's house is Si Jun, an evil and violent man, a tiger in a cap. It was just now on the Lü clan's account that the empire nearly fell into disorder; and now to set up the King of Qi is to wish to be a Lü clan over again. The King of Dai's mother's house is the Bo clan, gentlemen and elders; and moreover the King of Dai is himself a son of the Exalted Emperor's, still living at this day, and is besides the eldest. By taking a son it is in order; by taking a good man's family the great ministers are at ease." Thereupon the great ministers plotted to welcome and set up the King of Dai, and sent the Marquis of Zhuxu to tell the King of Qi of the business of putting the Lü clan to death, and to have him break off his troops.
Guan Ying was at Xingyang, and hearing that Wei Bo had in the first place taught the King of Qi to rebel, once the Lü clan had been put to death and the Qi troops broken off, he sent an envoy to summon Wei Bo and reproach and question him. Bo said: "When a household's house is on fire, is there leisure to speak to the elders first and put out the fire afterwards!" And accordingly he stepped back and stood, his legs shaking and trembling, seeming unable to speak, and in the end had no other word. General Guan looked at him a long while and laughed, and said: "Men call Wei Bo brave; he is a reckless commonplace fellow, and what can he do!" And so he let Wei Bo go. Wei Bo's father got audience with the Emperor of Qin through being good at playing the zither. And when Wei Bo was young he wished to get audience with Cao Can, chancellor of Qi; his household was poor and he had no means of getting himself introduced, and so he would constantly and alone sweep outside the door of the chancellor's retainer, early and late. The chancellor's retainer wondered at it and took it for a spirit, and watched for him, and caught Bo. Bo said: "I wish to see the chancellor and have no way in, and therefore I sweep for you, sir, wishing by it to seek audience." Thereupon the retainer presented Bo to Cao Can, who accordingly made him a retainer. Once, driving for Can, he spoke of affairs, and Can thought him worthy and spoke of him to King Daohui of Qi. King Daohui summoned and received him, and then appointed him Interior Scribe. At first King Daohui was allowed to appoint his own officers of the Two Thousand Bushels. And when King Daohui died and King Ai was set up, Bo managed affairs and weighed more than the chancellor of Qi.
The king having broken off his troops and gone home, the King of Dai came and was set up: this was the Emperor Xiaowen.
In the Emperor Xiaowen's first year he gave back to Qi all the commanderies of Chengyang, Langye and Jinan that had been carved off from Qi in the Empress Dowager Gao's time, and moved the King of Langye to be king in Yan, and added two thousand households each to the enfeoffments of the Marquis of Zhuxu and the Marquis of Dongmou.
In that year King Ai of Qi died, and the heir apparent Ze was set up: this was King Wen.
In King Wen of Qi's first year Han took Qi's commandery of Chengyang and set up the Marquis of Zhuxu as King of Chengyang, and took Qi's commandery of Jibei and set up the Marquis of Dongmou as King of Jibei.
In the second year the King of Jibei rebelled; Han put him to death and his land went in to Han.
Two years later the Emperor Xiaowen enfeoffed all seven sons of King Daohui of Qi, Bajun and the rest, as ranking marquises.
King Wen of Qi had been in his place fourteen years when he died without a son, and the state was abolished and the land went in to Han.
A year later the Emperor Xiaowen divided Qi among the sons of King Daohui whom he had enfeoffed, making them kings: King Xiao of Qi, Jianglü, became King of Qi from being Marquis of Yangxu, as a son of King Daohui. And the separate commanderies of the old Qi were all used to make sons of King Daohui kings: his son Zhi became King of Jibei, his son Piguang King of Jinan, his son Xian King of Zichuan, his son Ang King of Jiaoxi, his son Xiongqu King of Jiaodong — with Chengyang and Qi, seven kings in all.
In King Xiao of Qi's eleventh year Pi, King of Wu, and Wu, King of Chu, rebelled and raised troops westward, announcing to the feudal lords that they "would put to death the Han's traitorous minister Chao Cuo so as to make the ancestral temples secure." Jiaoxi, Jiaodong, Zichuan and Jinan all took it on themselves to send out troops in answer to Wu and Chu. They wished Qi to join them, and King Xiao of Qi was in doubt and held his walls and would not comply, and the troops of the three states together besieged Qi. The King of Qi sent the Palace Grandee Lu to report to the Son of Heaven. The Son of Heaven had the Palace Grandee Lu go back and tell the King of Qi: "Hold out firmly; my troops are now breaking Wu and Chu." The Palace Grandee Lu arrived, and the troops of the three states surrounded Linzi several rings deep, and there was no way in. The generals of the three states were going to coerce the Palace Grandee Lu into a covenant, saying: "If you reverse it and say that Han is already broken, and Qi makes haste to come down to the three states, it will not be butchered." The Palace Grandee Lu having agreed to it, on reaching the foot of the wall he looked up and saw the King of Qi, and said: "Han has sent out a million troops and had the Grand Commandant Zhou Yafu strike and break Wu and Chu, and he is now leading troops to rescue Qi; Qi must hold out firmly and not come down!" The generals of the three states put the Palace Grandee Lu to death.
When Qi was first hard pressed by the siege it had secretly plotted with the three states, and the agreement was not yet settled when it happened that they heard the Palace Grandee Lu had come from Han; and they were glad, and its great ministers then urged the king again not to come down to the three states. In no long time the Han generals Luan Bu, the Marquis of Pingyang and the rest reached Qi with troops, struck and broke the troops of the three states, and lifted the siege of Qi. And afterwards it was heard again that Qi had at first had a plot with the three states, and they meant to shift their troops and attack Qi. King Xiao of Qi was afraid, and so drank poison and killed himself. The Emperor Jing heard of it, and holding that Qi had been good in the first place and that its having plotted was under coercion and constraint and not its own fault, then set up King Xiao's heir apparent Shou as King of Qi: this was King Yi, carrying on Qi's line. And the kings of Jiaoxi, Jiaodong, Jinan and Zichuan were all put to death and destroyed, and their lands went in to Han. The King of Jibei was moved to be king in Zichuan. King Yi of Qi had been in his place twenty-two years when he died, and his son Cijing was set up: this was King Li.
King Li of Qi's mother was called the Queen Dowager Ji. The Queen Dowager took her own younger brother's daughter of the Ji clan as King Li's queen. The king did not love the Ji clan's daughter. The Queen Dowager, wishing her house to have doubled favour, had her eldest daughter, the Princess Ji, go into the king's palace to set his rear palace in order and keep any from getting near the king, wishing thereby to make him love the Ji clan's daughter. And the king accordingly had relations with his elder sister the Princess.
In Qi there was a eunuch, Xu Jia, who went in to serve the Han Empress Dowager. The Empress Dowager had a beloved daughter called the Lady of Xiucheng; the Lady of Xiucheng was not of the Liu clan, and the Empress Dowager pitied her. The Lady of Xiucheng had a daughter named E, and the Empress Dowager wished to marry her to a feudal lord; and the eunuch Jia then asked to go as envoy to Qi and to be sure to have the king send up a letter asking for E. The Empress Dowager was glad and sent Jia to Qi. At this time Zhufu Yan, a man of Qi, knowing that Jia's mission to Qi was for the business of getting a queen, accordingly also said to Jia: "If the business succeeds, be so good as to say that Yan's daughter would like to fill a place in the king's rear palace." Jia, having reached Qi, dropped a hint of this business. The Queen Dowager Ji was greatly enraged and said: "The king has a queen, and his rear palace is fully provided. And Jia is a poor man of Qi; being hard pressed, he became a eunuch and went in to serve Han, and has been of no help or benefit, and now he would throw my king's household into disorder! And what is Zhufu Yan, that he should wish to fill the rear palace with his daughter!" Xu Jia was at his wits' end, and went back and reported to the Empress Dowager: "The king is already willing to marry E, but there is one harm in it: I fear it may be as with the King of Yan." The King of Yan had had relations with his sons' and brothers' women and had newly been condemned to death for it and lost his state; and so he used Yan to work on the Empress Dowager's feelings. The Empress Dowager said: "Say no more of the business of marrying the girl into Qi." The business seeped through and came to the Son of Heaven's hearing. And Zhufu Yan by this too had a rift with Qi.
Zhufu Yan was just then in favour with the Son of Heaven and managing affairs, and accordingly said: "Qi's Linzi has a hundred thousand households, and the market tax is a thousand catties of gold; its people are many and thriving and rich, greater than Chang'an, and none but the Son of Heaven's own brother or beloved son should get to be king there. Now the King of Qi is ever more distant in kinship." And he went on at his leisure: "In the Empress Dowager Lü's time Qi meant to rebel; at the time of Wu and Chu King Xiao was near to making a rebellion. Now it is heard that the King of Qi has committed incest with his elder sister." Thereupon the Son of Heaven appointed Zhufu Yan chancellor of Qi, and had him set the matter right. Zhufu Yan, having reached Qi, then pressed hard in prosecuting the eunuchs of the king's rear palace who had carried on the king's dealings with his elder sister the Princess, having their statements and testimony all draw the king in. The king was young in years and feared that for a great crime he would be seized and put to death by the officers, and so drank poison and killed himself. He was cut off without posterity.
At this time the King of Zhao, fearing that Zhufu Yan at a single stroke had done away with Qi, and afraid that he would gradually estrange the flesh and bone of the imperial house, sent up a letter setting out Yan's faults in taking gold and in weighing men's cases this way or that. The Son of Heaven too then imprisoned Yan. Gongsun Hong said: "The King of Qi has died of grief without posterity, and his state has gone in to Han; without putting Yan to death there is no way to stop the empire's looking for it." And so Yan was put to death.
King Li of Qi had been in his place five years when he died, without posterity, and the state went in to Han.
Of King Daohui of Qi's posterity two states still remained, Chengyang and Zichuan. Zichuan's land bordered on Qi. The Son of Heaven pitied Qi, and because King Daohui's tomb enclosure was in that commandery, carved off the whole of the land east of Linzi surrounding King Daohui's tomb enclosure and gave it to Zichuan, to maintain the sacrifices to King Daohui.
King Jing of Chengyang, Zhang, was a son of King Daohui of Qi, who as Marquis of Zhuxu joined the great ministers in putting the several Lü to death, and Zhang in his own person was the first to cut down the Chancellor of State, Lü Chan, King of Lü, in the Weiyang Palace. The Emperor Xiaowen having been set up, he added two thousand households to Zhang's enfeoffment and bestowed on him a thousand catties of gold. In Xiaowen's second year he took Qi's commandery of Chengyang and set up Zhang as King of Chengyang. He had been in his place two years when he died, and his son Xi was set up: this was King Gong.
In King Gong's eighth year he was moved to be king in Huainan. In the fourth year he went back again to be king in Chengyang. In all he was in his place thirty-three years when he died, and his son Yan was set up: this was King Qing.
King Qing died in his twenty-sixth year, and his son Yi was set up: this was King Jing. King Jing died in his ninth year, and his son Wu was set up: this was King Hui. King Hui died in his eleventh year, and his son Shun was set up: this was King Huang. King Huang died in his forty-sixth year, and his son Hui was set up: this was King Dai. King Dai died in his eighth year, and his son Jing was set up, and down to the third year of Jianshi, in the fifteenth year, he died.
Xingju, King of Jibei, was a son of King Daohui of Qi, who as Marquis of Dongmou helped the great ministers put the several Lü to death, but his merit was less. And when the Emperor Wen came from Dai, Xingju said: "Let me with the Grand Coachman Ying go in and clear the palace." They did away with the Young Emperor and together with the great ministers honoured and set up the Emperor Xiaowen.
In the Emperor Xiaowen's second year he took Qi's commandery of Jibei and set up Xingju as King of Jibei, set up at the same time as the King of Chengyang. He had been in his place two years when he rebelled. At first, when the great ministers put the Lü clan to death, the Marquis of Zhuxu's merit was the greatest, and it was promised that the whole land of Zhao should make the Marquis of Zhuxu king and the whole land of Liang should make the Marquis of Dongmou king. And when the Emperor Xiaowen was set up, he heard that the Marquis of Zhuxu and the Marquis of Dongmou had at first wished to set up the King of Qi, and therefore cut short their merit. And in the second year, when he made his sons kings, he then carved off two commanderies of Qi to make Zhang and Xingju kings. Zhang and Xingju reckoned themselves to have lost their due place and been robbed of their merit. Zhang died, and Xingju heard that the Xiongnu had come into Han in force, and that Han was sending out many troops and had sent the Chancellor Guan Ying to strike at them, and that the Emperor Wen had gone in person to Taiyuan; and taking it that the Son of Heaven was himself striking at the Hu, he thereupon sent out troops and rebelled in Jibei. The Son of Heaven heard of it, broke off the Chancellor and the marching troops, and had them all go back to Chang'an. He sent General Chai, Marquis of Jipu, to strike and break and take prisoner the King of Jibei; the king killed himself, and the land went in to Han and was made a commandery.
Thirteen years later, in the Emperor Wen's sixteenth year, he again set up King Daohui of Qi's son Zhi, Marquis of Andu, as King of Jibei. In the eleventh year, at the time of Wu and Chu's rebellion, Zhi held out firmly and did not join the feudal lords' plot. Wu and Chu being subdued, Zhi was moved to be king in Zichuan.
Piguang, King of Jinan, was a son of King Daohui of Qi, who as Marquis of Le became King of Jinan in Xiaowen's sixteenth year. In the eleventh year he rebelled along with Wu and Chu. Han struck and broke them and killed Piguang, and made Jinan a commandery, and the land went in to Han.
Xian, King of Zichuan, was a son of King Daohui of Qi, who as Marquis of Wucheng became King of Zichuan in the Emperor Wen's sixteenth year. In the eleventh year he rebelled along with Wu and Chu, and Han struck and broke them and killed Xian.
The Son of Heaven accordingly moved Zhi, King of Jibei, to be king in Zichuan. Zhi too was a son of King Daohui of Qi, and as Marquis of Andu was king in Jibei. The King of Zichuan having rebelled and left no posterity, he then moved the King of Jibei to be king in Zichuan. In all he was in his place thirty-five years when he died, with the posthumous title King Yi. His son Jian took his place: this was King Jing. He died in his twentieth year, and his son Yi took his place: this was King Qing. He died in his thirty-sixth year, and his son Zhonggu was set up: this was King Si. He died in his twenty-eighth year, and his son Shang was set up: this was King Xiao. He died in his fifth year, and his son Heng was set up, and down to the third year of Jianshi, in the eleventh year, he died.
Ang, King of Jiaoxi, was a son of King Daohui of Qi, who as Marquis of Changping became King of Jiaoxi in the Emperor Wen's sixteenth year. In the eleventh year he rebelled along with Wu and Chu. Han struck and broke them and killed Ang, and the land went in to Han and was made the commandery of Jiaoxi.
Xiongqu, King of Jiaodong, was a son of King Daohui of Qi, who as Marquis of Baishi became King of Jiaodong in the Emperor Wen's sixteenth year. In the eleventh year he rebelled along with Wu and Chu; Han struck and broke them and killed Xiongqu, and the land went in to Han and was made the commandery of Jiaodong.
The Lord Grand Astrologer says: Among the great states of the feudal lords none surpassed King Daohui of Qi. Because the realm within the seas was but newly settled and the sons and brothers few, and being stirred by Qin's not having enfeoffed a foot of land, he therefore enfeoffed those of the same surname greatly, so as to fill the hearts of the myriad people. And that afterwards it was split apart was certainly in the reason of things.