第七十二回

第七十二回 诸葛亮智取汉中 曹阿瞒兵退斜谷

却说徐晃引军渡汉水，王平苦谏不听，渡过汉水扎营。黄忠、赵云告玄德曰：“某等各引本部兵去迎曹兵。”玄德应允。二人引兵而行。忠谓云曰：“今徐晃恃勇而来，且休与敌。待日暮兵疲，你我分兵两路击之可也。”云然之，各引一军据住寨栅。徐晃引兵从辰时搦战，直至申时，蜀兵不动。晃尽教弓弩手向前，望蜀营射去。黄忠谓赵云曰：“徐晃令弓弩射者，其军必将退也，可乘时击之。”言未已，忽报曹兵后队果然退动。于是蜀营鼓声大震，黄忠领兵左出，赵云领兵右出。两下夹攻，徐晃大败，军士逼入汉水，死者无数。晃死战得脱，回营责王平曰：“汝见吾军势将危，如何不救？”平曰：“我若来救，此寨亦不能保。我曾谏公休去，公不肯听，以致此败。”晃大怒，欲杀王平。平当夜引本部军就营中放起火来，曹兵大乱，徐晃弃营而走。王平渡汉水来投赵云，云引见玄德。王平尽言汉水地理，玄德大喜曰：“孤得王子均，取汉中无疑矣。”遂命王平为偏将军，领向导使。

却说徐晃逃回见操，说：“王平反去降刘备矣！”操大怒，亲统大军来夺汉水寨栅。赵云恐孤军难立，遂退于汉水之西，两军隔水相拒。玄德与孔明来观形势，孔明见汉水上流头，有一带土山，可伏千馀人，乃回到营中，唤赵云吩咐：“汝可引五百人，皆带鼓角，伏于土山之下。或半夜，或黄昏，只听我营中炮响，炮响一番，擂鼓一番。——只不要出战。”子龙受计去了。孔明却在高山上暗窥。次日，曹兵到来搦战，蜀营中一人不出，弓弩亦都不发，曹兵自回。当夜更深，孔明见曹营灯火方息，军士歇定，遂放号炮。子龙听得，令鼓角齐鸣。曹兵惊慌，只疑劫寨，及至出营，不见一军。方才回营欲歇，号炮又响，鼓角又鸣，呐喊震地，山谷应声，曹兵彻夜不安。一连三夜，如此惊疑，操心怯，拔寨退三十里，就空阔处扎营。孔明笑曰：“曹操虽知兵法，不知诡计。”遂请玄德亲渡汉水，背水结营。玄德问计，孔明曰：“可如此如此。”

曹操见玄德背水下寨，心中疑惑，使人来下战书。孔明批来日决战。次日，两军会于中路五界山前，列成阵势。操出马立于门旗下，两行布列龙凤旌旗，擂鼓三通，唤玄德答话。玄德引刘封、孟达并川中诸将而出。操扬鞭大骂曰：“刘备忘恩失义、反叛朝廷之贼！”玄德曰：“吾乃大汉宗亲，奉诏讨贼。汝上弑母后，自立为王，僭用天子銮舆，非反而何？”操怒，命徐晃出马来战。刘封出迎。交战之时，玄德先走入阵。封敌晃不住，拨马便走。操下令：“捉得刘备，便为西川之主。”大军齐呐喊杀过阵来。蜀兵望汉水而逃，尽弃营寨，马匹军器，丢满道上，曹军皆争取。操急鸣金收军。众将曰：“某等正待捉刘备，大王何故收军？”操曰：“吾见蜀兵背汉水安营，其可疑一也；多弃马匹军器，其可疑二也。可急退军，休取衣物。”遂下令曰：“妄取一物者立斩。火速退兵！”曹兵方回头时，孔明号旗举起，玄德中军领兵便出，黄忠左边杀来，赵云右边杀来。曹兵大溃而逃，孔明连夜追赶。操传令军回南郑，只见五路火起——原来魏延、张飞得严颜代守阆中，分兵杀来，先得了南郑。操心惊，望阳平关而走。玄德大兵追至南郑褒州。安民已毕，玄德问孔明曰：“曹操此来，何败之速也？”孔明曰：“操平生为人多疑，虽能用兵，疑则多败。吾以疑兵胜之。”玄德曰：“今操退守阳平关，其势已孤，先生将何策以退之？”孔明曰：“亮已算定了。”便差张飞、魏延分兵两路去截曹操粮道，令黄忠、赵云分兵两路去放火烧山。四路军将，各引向导官军去了。

却说曹操退守阳平关，令军哨探。回报曰：“今蜀兵将远近小路，尽皆塞断，砍柴去处，尽放火烧绝。不知兵在何处。”操正疑惑间，又报张飞、魏延分兵劫粮。操问曰：“谁敢敌张飞？”许褚曰：“某愿往！”操令许褚引一千精兵，去阳平关路上护接粮草。解粮官接着，喜曰：“若非将军到此，粮不得到阳平矣。”遂将车上的酒肉，献与许褚。褚痛饮，不觉大醉，便乘酒兴，催粮车行。解粮官曰：“日已暮矣，前褒州之地，山势险恶，未可过去。”褚曰：“吾有万夫之勇，岂惧他人哉！今夜乘着月色，正好使粮车行走。”许褚当先，横刀纵马，引军前进。二更已后，往褒州路上而来。行至半路，忽山凹里鼓角震天，一枝军当住。为首大将，乃张飞也，挺矛纵马，直取许褚。褚舞刀来迎，却因酒醉，敌不住张飞，战不数合，被飞一矛刺中肩膀，翻身落马，军士急忙救起，退后便走。张飞尽夺粮草车辆而回。

却说众将保着许褚，回见曹操。操令医士疗治金疮，一面亲自提兵来与蜀兵决战。玄德引军出迎，两阵对圆，玄德令刘封出马。操骂曰：“卖履小儿，常使假子拒敌！吾若唤黄须儿来，汝假子为肉泥矣！”刘封大怒，挺枪骤马，径取曹操。操令徐晃来迎，封诈败而走，操引兵追赶。蜀兵营中，四下炮响，鼓角齐鸣。操恐有伏兵，急教退军，曹兵自相践踏，死者极多。奔回阳平关，方才歇定，蜀兵赶到城下：东门放火，西门呐喊；南门放火，北门擂鼓。操大惧，弃关而走，蜀兵从后追袭。操正走之间，前面张飞引一枝兵截住，赵云引一枝兵从背后杀来，黄忠又引兵从褒州杀来，操大败。诸将保护曹操，夺路而走。方逃至斜谷界口，前面尘头忽起，一枝兵到。操曰：“此军若是伏兵，吾休矣！”及兵将近，乃操次子曹彰也。

彰字子文，少善骑射，膂力过人，能手格猛兽。操尝戒之曰：“汝不读书而好弓马，此匹夫之勇，何足贵乎？”彰曰：“大丈夫当学卫青、霍去病[1]，立功沙漠，长驱数十万众，纵横天下，何能作博士耶？”操尝问诸子之志，彰曰：“好为将。”操问：“为将何如？”彰曰：“披坚执锐，临难不顾，身先士卒；赏必行，罚必信。”操大笑。建安二十三年，代郡乌桓反，操令彰引兵五万讨之，临行戒之曰：“居家为父子，受事为君臣。法不徇情，尔宜深戒。”彰到代北，身先战阵，直杀至桑干，北方皆平。因闻操在阳平败阵，故来助战。操见彰至，大喜曰：“我黄须儿来，破刘备必矣！”遂勒兵复回，于斜谷界口安营。有人报玄德，言曹彰到。玄德问曰：“谁敢去战曹彰？”刘封曰：“某愿往。”孟达又说要去。玄德曰：“汝二人同去，看谁成功。”各引兵五千来迎：刘封在先，孟达在后。曹彰出马与封交战，只三合，封大败而回。孟达引兵前进，方欲交锋，只见曹兵大乱。原来马超、吴兰两军杀来，曹兵惊动。孟达引兵夹攻。马超士卒蓄锐日久，到此耀武扬威，势不可当，曹兵败走。曹彰正遇吴兰，两个交锋，不数合，曹彰一戟刺吴兰于马下。三军混战。操收兵于斜谷界口扎住。

操屯兵日久，欲要进兵，又被马超拒守，欲收兵回，又恐被蜀兵耻笑，心中犹豫不决。适庖官进鸡汤，操见碗中有鸡肋，因而有感于怀。正沉吟间，夏侯惇入帐，禀请夜间口号。操随口曰：“鸡肋！鸡肋！”惇传令众官，都称“鸡肋”。行军主簿杨修，见传“鸡肋”二字，便教随行军士，各收拾行装，准备归程。有人报知夏侯惇，惇大惊，遂请杨修至帐中问曰：“公何收拾行装？”修曰：“以今夜号令，便知魏王不日将退兵归也。鸡肋者，食之无肉，弃之有味。今进不能胜，退恐人笑，在此无益，不如早归，来日魏王必班师矣。故先收拾行装，免得临行慌乱。”夏侯惇曰：“公真知魏王肺腑也！”遂亦收拾行装。于是寨中诸将，无不准备归计。当夜曹操心乱，不能稳睡，遂手提钢斧，绕寨私行。只见夏侯惇寨内军士，各准备行装。操大惊，急回帐召惇问其故。惇曰：“主簿杨德祖先知大王欲归之意。”操唤杨修问之，修以鸡肋之意对。操大怒曰：“汝怎敢造言，乱我军心！”喝刀斧手推出斩之，将首级号令于辕门外。

原来杨修为人恃才放旷，数犯曹操之忌。操尝造花园一所，造成，操往观之，不置褒贬，只取笔于门上书一“活”字而去。人皆不晓其意。修曰：“‘门’内添‘活’字，乃‘阔’字也。丞相嫌园门阔耳。”于是再筑墙围，改造停当，又请操观之。操大喜，问曰：“谁知吾意？”左右曰：“杨修也。”操虽称美，心甚忌之。又一日，塞北送酥一盒至，操自写“一合酥”三字于盒上，置之案头。修入见之，竟取匙与众分食讫。操问其故，修答曰：“盒上明书‘一人一口酥’，岂敢违丞相之命乎？”操虽喜笑，而心恶之。操恐人暗中谋害己身，常分付左右：“吾梦中好杀人，凡吾睡着，汝等切勿近前。”一日，昼寝帐中，落被于地，一近侍慌取覆盖，操跃起拔剑斩之，复上床睡，半晌而起，佯惊问：“何人杀吾近侍？”众以实对。操痛哭，命厚葬之。人皆以为操果梦中杀人，惟修知其意，临葬时指而叹曰：“丞相非在梦中，君乃在梦中耳！”操闻而愈恶之。操第三子曹植，爱修之才，常邀修谈论，终夜不息。操与众商议，欲立植为世子。曹丕知之，密请朝歌长吴质入内府商议，因恐有人知觉，乃用大簏藏吴质于中，只说是绢匹在内，载入府中。修知其事，径来告操。操令人于丕府门伺察之，丕慌告吴质，质曰：“无忧也，明日用大簏装绢再入以惑之。”丕如其言，以大簏载绢入。使者搜看簏中，果绢也，回报曹操。操因疑修谮害曹丕，愈恶之。操欲试曹丕、曹植之才干，一日，令各出邺城门，却密使人分付门吏，令勿放出。曹丕先至，门吏阻之，丕只得退回。植闻之，问于修，修曰：“君奉王命而出，如有阻当者，竟斩之可也。”植然其言。及至门，门吏阻住，植叱曰：“吾奉王命，谁敢阻当！”立斩之。于是曹操以植为能。后有人告操曰：“此乃杨修之所教也。”操大怒，因此亦不喜植。修又尝为曹植作答教十馀条，但操有问，植即依条答之。操每以军国之事问植，植对答如流，操心中甚疑。后曹丕暗买植左右，偷答教来告操。操见了大怒曰：“匹夫安敢欺我耶！”此时已有杀修之心，今乃借惑乱军心之罪杀之。修死年三十四岁。后人有诗曰：

聪明杨德祖，世代继簪缨。笔下龙蛇走，胸中锦绣成。开谈惊四座，捷对冠群英。身死因才误，非关欲退兵。

曹操既杀杨修，佯怒夏侯惇，亦欲斩之，众官告免。操乃叱退夏侯惇，下令来日进兵。次日，兵出斜谷界口，前面一军相迎，为首大将乃魏延也。操招魏延归降，延大骂，操令庞德出战。二将正斗间，曹寨内火起，人报马超劫了中后二寨。操拔剑在手曰：“诸将退后者斩！”众将努力向前，魏延诈败而走。操方麾军回战马超，自立马于高阜处，看两军争战。忽一彪军撞至面前，大叫：“魏延在此！”拈弓搭箭，射中曹操，操翻身落马。延弃弓绰刀，骤马上山坡来杀曹操。刺斜里闪出一将，大叫：“休伤吾主！”视之，乃庞德也。德奋力向前，战退魏延，保操前行。马超已退。操带伤归寨，原来被魏延射中人中，折却门牙两个，急令医士调治。方忆杨修之言，随将修尸收回厚葬，就令班师，却教庞德断后。操卧于毡车之中，左右虎贲军护卫而行。忽报斜谷山上两边火起，伏兵赶来，曹兵人人惊恐。正是：依稀昔日潼关厄，仿佛当年赤壁危。未知曹操性命如何，且看下文分解。

[1] 卫青、霍去病——汉武帝时两个著名的将军，都曾与匈奴多次作战，立下战功。

CHAPTER 72. Zhuge Liang's Wit Takes Hanzhong; Cao Cao's Army Retires To The Ye Valley.

In spite of the most earnest dissuasion, Xu Huang crossed the river and camped. Huang Zhong and Zhao Yun asked to be allowed to go against the host of Cao Cao, and Liu Bei gave his consent.

Then said Huang Zhong, “Xu Huang has been bold enough to come; we will not go out against him till evening, when his soldiers are fatigued. Then we will fall upon him one on either side.”

Zhao Yun consented, and each retired to a stockade. Xu Huang appeared and for a long time tried to draw them into a fight, but they refused to go forth. Then Xu Huang ordered his bowmen to begin to shoot straight before them, and the arrows and bolts fell in the Shu camp.

Huang Zhong said, “He must be thinking of retreat or he would not shoot thus. Now is our time to smite him.”

Then the scouts reported that the rearmost bodies of the enemy had begun to retreat. The drums of Shu rolled a deafening peal, and Huang Zhong's army from the left and Zhao Yun's army from the right came to the attack, and the double fight began. Xu Huang was badly defeated, and the flying soldiers were forced to River Han, where many were drowned. But Xu Huang escaped after fighting desperately, and when he got back to camp, he blamed his colleague Wang Ping for not having come to his aid.

“Had I done so, these camps would have been left unguarded,” said Wang Ping. “I tried to dissuade you from going, but you would not hear me, and you brought about this reverse yourself.”

Xu Huang in his wrath tried to slay Wang Ping; but Wang Ping escaped to his own camp. In the night, Wang Ping set fire on both camps, and great confusion reigned in the lines. Xu Huang ran away, but Wang Ping crossed the river and surrendered to Zhao Yun, who led him to Liu Bei. Wang Ping told Liu Bei all about River Han and the country near by.

“I shall surely capture Hanzhong now that you are here to help me, friend Wang Ping,” said Liu Bei.

Liu Bei made Wang Ping General and Army Guide.

Xu Huang reported Wang Ping's defection, which made Cao Cao very angry. Cao Cao placed himself at the head of a force and tried to retake the bank of the river. Zhao Yun, thinking his troops too few, retired to the west side, and the two armies lay on opposite sides of the stream. Liu Bei and his adviser came down to view the position.

Zhuge Liang saw in the upper course of the stream a hill which might well screen a thousand soldiers, so he returned to camp, called in Zhao Yun and said, “General, you lead five hundred troops, with drums and horns, and place them in ambush behind the hill, to await certain orders which will come some time during the night or at dawn. When you hear a detonation, you are not to appear, only give a long roll of the drums at every report.” Zhao Yun departed to play his part in the drama, while Zhuge Liang went to a hill whence he could overlook the scene.

When next the army of Cao Cao approached the camp of Shu and offered battle, not a man came out, nor was an arrow or a bolt shot. They retired without any result. But in the depths of the night, when all the lights in the camp were extinguished and all appeared tranquil and restful, Zhuge Liang exploded a bomb, and at once Zhao Yun beat his drums and blared his trumpets. Cao Cao's soldiers awoke in alarm, thinking it was a night raid. They rushed out, but there was no enemy, and as the hubbub ceased they went back to sleep. Soon after there was another bomb, and again the drums and the trumpets seeming to shake the earth itself, and the fearsome roar echoing along the valleys and from the hills again scared Cao Cao's soldiers. Thus the night passed in constant alarms. The next night was the same, and the next. On the fourth day Cao Cao broke up his camp, marched his troops ten miles to the rear and pitched his camp in a clear, wide space among the hills.

Zhuge Liang was pleased at the result of his ruse. Said he, smiling, “Cao Cao is skilled in war, but still he is not proof against all deceitful tricks.”

The troops of Shu then crossed the river and camped with the stream behind them. When Liu Bei asked the next move, he was told, but also told to keep the plan a secret.

Seeing Liu Bei thus encamped, Cao Cao became doubtful and anxious, and, to bring things to a decision, he sent a written declaration of war, to which Zhuge Liang replied that they would fight a battle on the morrow.

On the morrow the armies faced each other half way between the two camps in front of the Mountain of Five Borders, and there they arrayed. Cao Cao presently rode up stood beside his banner; with his officers right and left and the dragon and phoenix banners fluttering in the wind. His drums rolled thrice, and then he summoned Liu Bei to a parley. Liu Bei rode out supported by Liu Feng, Meng Da, and other leaders. Then Cao Cao insolently flourished his whip and vilified his opponent.

“Liu Bei, you have forgotten kindness and lost the sense of right; you are a rebel against the government.”

Liu Bei answered, “I am related to the imperial family, and I hold an edict authorizing me to seize all rebels. You have dared to lift up your hand against Empress Fu, made yourself a king, and arrogantly presume to an imperial chariot. If you are not a rebel, what are you?”

Then Cao Cao ordered Xu Huang out to give battle, and Liu Feng went to meet him. As the combat began, Liu Bei retired within the ranks of his array. Liu Feng was no match for his opponent, and fled. Cao Cao issued an order to capture Liu Bei, saying, “He who captures Liu Bei will be made Prince of Hanzhong.”

At this the army of Wei uttered one great roar of rage, then they came surging on. The troops of Shu fled toward the river abandoning everything, even throwing aside their weapons, which littered the road. But as Cao Cao's army pressed forward, he suddenly clanged the gongs, called a halt and drew off.

“Why did you call us off, O Prince, just as we were on the point of success?” said his commanders.

“Because I saw the enemy had encamped with the river in their rear, which was very suspicious. They also abandoned their steeds and weapons, which made me doubt. Wherefore I could only retire. But retain your armor. Let not a person take off his harness on pain of death. Now retire as quickly as you can march.”

As Cao Cao turned about to retire, Zhuge Liang hoisted the signal to attack, and the retreating soldiers were harassed on every side both night and day till they were all disordered. Cao Cao ordered his army to retire to Nanzheng.

Presently they saw flames rising all around, and soon it was known that their city of refuge was in the hands Zhang Fei and Wei Yan, who, after Yan Yan had taken the command of Langzhong, had launched a double attack and captured Nanzheng. Disappointed and saddened, Cao Cao bade them march to Yangping Pass. Liu Bei with the main army followed them to Baozhou and Nanzheng and there pacified the people and restored confidence.

“Cao Cao was exceedingly quickly overcome this time;” said Liu Bei, “how was that?”

“He has always been of a suspicious nature,” said Zhuge Liang, “and that has led to many failures although he is a good leader of armies. I have defeated him by playing upon his doubts.”

“He is rather weakened now,” said Liu Bei. “Can you not devise a plan to drive him away finally?”

“That is all thought out.”

Next Zhang Fei and Wei Yan were sent along two different roads to cut off Cao Cao's supplies. Two other cohorts led by Huang Zhong and Zhao Yun were bidden to go and fire the hills and forests. All these four armies had natives of the place to act as guides and show the way.

Cao Cao's scouts sent out from Yangping Pass returned to report: “The roads far and near are blocked by the troops of Shu, and every place seems to be burning. No soldier is seen.”

Cao Cao knew not what to do. Then other scouts told him, “Our stores are being plundered by Zhang Fei and Wei Yan.”

At this, Cao Cao called for a volunteer to drive off the plunderers; and Xu Chu offered. He was given a thousand veterans, and went down the Pass to act as escort of the grain wagons.

The officers in charge of the transport were very glad to receive a general of such renown.

“Except for you, O General, the grain could never reach Yangping Pass.”

They entertained Xu Chu with the wine and food on the carts; and he ate and drank copiously, so that he became very intoxicated. And in that state he insisted on marching, urging the convoy to start at once.

“The sun has nearly set,” said the transport officers, “and the road near Baozhou is bad and dangerous, so that we cannot pass there at night.”

“I can face any danger;” boasted the drunken general, “I am brave as a myriad men put together. What do you think I fear? Beside, there is a good moon tonight, just the sort of thing to take grain carts along by.”

Xu Chu took the lead, sword in hand. By the second watch they were passing Baozhou. About half the train had passed when the rolling drums and the blare of horns came down to them through a rift in the hills. It was soon followed by the appearance of a cohort led by Zhang Fei. With spear ready, he came racing down straight for Xu Chu, who, whirling his sword, dashed to the front to meet the enemy.

But Xu Chu was too drunk to stand against such a warrior. After a few bouts he received a spear thrust in the shoulder, turned round in his saddle, and fell from his horse. His men rushed to his help, and they carried him away as they retreated, while Zhang Fei took the whole transport train of fodder and forage away to his own camp.

The defeated escort carried their wounded leader back to Cao Cao's camp, where he was placed in the care of physicians. Then Cao Cao himself led out his army to fight a decisive battle with the army of Shu. Liu Bei went out to meet him, and, when both sides were arrayed, Liu Feng went out to challenge. Cao Cao at once let loose a torrent of taunts and reproaches.

“Seller of shoes, you are always sending out this pretended son of yours to fight for you. If I only call my golden-bearded son Cao Zhang, your so-called son will be chopped to mincemeat!”

These words enraged Liu Feng, who raised his spear and galloped toward Cao Cao. Cao Cao bade Xu Huang do battle with the young man, and Liu Feng at once ran away. Cao Cao led on his legions, but he was harassed by the explosion of bombs, the beating of drums, and the blare of trumpets that came from every side. He concluded that he was being led into an ambush, and he hastened to retire. The retreat was unfortunate, for the soldiers trampled upon each other and many were killed. Anon they all ran off to Yangping Pass as quickly as they could.

But the soldiers of Shu came right up to the walls of the Pass, and some burned the east gate while others shouted at the west. Others, again, burned the north gate while drums rolled at the south. Leaders and led were alike harassed and frightened, and presently they left the Pass and ran away. They were pursued and sore smitten.

The road to safety was not easy. In one direction Zhang Fei barred the way, while Zhao Yun attacked the rear. Then Huang Zhong came from Baozhou and pressed a slaughter on the flank. Cao Cao's army lost many troops, and he was severely defeated in this triple attack. His commanders gathered about him and took him off toward the Xie Valley. Here a great cloud of dust was seen in the distance.

“If that is an ambush, it is the last of me,” sighed Cao Cao.

The soldiers came nearer, and then Cao Cao recognized not a enemy but his second son, Cao Zhang. As a lad Cao Zhang was a good horseman and an expert archer. He was more powerful than most men and could overcome a wild beast with his bare hands. Cao Cao did not approve of the young man's bent, and often warned him to study instead.

“You do not study, but only love your bow and your horse; this is the courage of a mere person. Think you that this makes for an honorable career?”

But Cao Zhang replied, “The really noble person ought to imitate such grand men as Wei Qing and Huo Qubing. They won their reputation in the Gobi Desert, where they led a mighty host of hundred thousand, able to overrun the whole world and go anywhere. What have I to do with scholarship?”

Cao Cao used to ask his sons what career they found admirable, and Cao Zhang always replied that he would be a leader of armies.

“But what should a leader be like?” asked Cao Cao.

“He should be endued with firmness and courage, never turn aside from a difficulty, but be in the van of his officers and troops. Rewards should be certain; and so should punishments.”

Cao Cao smiled with pleasure. In the twenty-third year of Rebuilt Tranquillity (AD 218), the Wuhuan Peoples revolted in Daichun, and Cao Cao sent this son with fifty thousand troops to suppress them. Just as Cao Zhang was leaving, his father read him a homily on his duty.

“At home we are father and son, but when a task is given you, you have to consider your duty as a servant of your ruler. The law knows no kindness, and you must beware.”

When the expedition reached the north of Daichun, Cao Zhang led the array and smote as far as Sanggan in the Gobi Desert, and peace was restored. He had lately heard that his father was at Yangping Pass, and had come to help him to fight.

His coming greatly pleased his father, who said, “Now that my golden-bearded son has arrived, we can destroy Liu Bei for certain.”

Then the army was marched back again and pitched camp at the Xie Valley.

Someone told Liu Bei of the arrival of Cao Zhang, and he asked for a volunteer to go out against the newcomer. Liu Feng offered. Meng Da also desired to go, and Liu Bei decided to let both go.

“Vie with each other,” said he.

Each general had five thousand troops, and Liu Feng led the way. Cao Zhang rode out and engaged him, and in the third bout Liu Feng was overcome and ran off. Then Meng Da advanced, and a battle was just beginning when he saw that Cao Cao's troops were in confusion. The cause was the sudden coming of Ma Chao and Wu Lan. Before the enemy had recovered from the panic, Meng Da attacked on another side. Ma Chao's force, who had been nursing their courage for a long time, fought brilliantly, so that none could withstand their onslaught, and they won the day. But in his flight, Cao Zhang met Wu Lan, and he thrust and slew Wu Lan with his spear.

After a great fight, Cao Cao ordered his army to retire into camp at the Xie Valley. Here he remained many days, prevented from advancing by Ma Chao and fearing the ridicule of Shu if he should retreat. One day, while he was anxiously trying to decide what to do, his cook sent in some chicken broth. He noticed in the broth some chicken tendons, and this simple fact led him into a train of reflection. He was still deep in thought when Xiahou Dun entered his tent to ask the watchword for that night. Cao Cao at once involuntarily replied, “Chicken tendon.”

The word was passed on in orders. When First Secretary Yang Xiu saw the order that the watchword was “chicken tendon,” he told all his people to pack up their belongings ready for the march. One who saw this went and told Xiahou Dun, who sent for Yang Xiu and asked why he had packed up.

Yang Xiu replied, “By tonight's orders I see that the Prince of Wei is soon going to retire. 'Chicken tendons' are tasteless things to eat, and yet it is a pity to waste them. Now if we advance, we cannot conquer; and if we retire, we fear we shall look ridiculous. There being no advantage here, the best course is to retire. You will certainly see the Prince of Wei retreat before long. I have made my preparations so as not to be hurried and confused at the last moment.”

“You seem to know the Prince's inmost heart,” said Xiahou Dun, and he bade his servants pack. The other generals seeing this, also made preparations for departure.

Cao Cao's mind was too perturbed for sleep. In the night he got up, took a steel battle-ax in his hand, and wandered privily through the camp. When he got to Xiahou Dun's tents, he saw everything packed and ready for a move. Much surprised, he made his way back to his own tent and sent for that officer.

“Why is everything in your camp packed as if ready for the march?”

“Yang Xiu, the First Secretary, seems to have private knowledge of the Prince's design to retire,” said Xiahou Dun.

Cao Cao summoned Yang Xiu and questioned him, and Yang Xiu replied with the chicken tendon incident.

“How dare you invent such a story and disturb the hearts of my army?”

Cao Cao called in his lictors and told them to take Yang Xiu away and behead him and hang his head at the camp gate.

Yang Xiu was a man of acute and ingenious mind, but inclined to show off. His lack of restraint over his tongue had often wounded Cao Cao's susceptibilities. Once Cao Cao was having a pleasance laid out, and when it was completed, he went to inspect the work. He uttered no word of praise or blame; he just wrote the word “alive” on the gate and left. Nobody could guess what he meant till Yang Xiu heard of it.

“'Gate' with 'alive' inside it makes the word for 'wide,'“ said he. “The Prime Minister thinks the gates are too wide.”

Thereupon they rebuilt the outer walls on an altered plan. When complete, Cao Cao was asked to go and see it. And he was then delighted.

“But who guessed what I meant?” said he.

“Yang Xiu,” replied his people.

Cao Cao thereafter lauded Yang Xiu's ingenuity, but in his heart he feared.

Another time Cao Cao received a box of cream cheese from Mongolia. Cao Cao just scribbled three words “One Cream Box” on the top and left it on the table. The words seemed to have no meaning. But Yang Xiu happened to come in, saw the box and at once handed a spoonful of the contents to each guest in the room. When Cao Cao asked why he did this, he explained that that was the interpretation of the words on the box, which, resolved into primary symbols, read, “Each person a mouthful.”

“Could I possibly disobey your orders?” said he.

Cao Cao laughed with the others, but hatred was in his heart.

Cao Cao lived in constant fear of assassination, and said to his attendants, “Let none of you come near me when I am sleeping, for I am likely to slay people in my dreams.”

One day he was enjoying a siesta, and his quilt fell off. One of the attendants saw it and hastened to cover him again. Cao Cao suddenly leaped from the couch, cut down the intruder with his sword, and lay down again to sleep. Some time after he awoke, simulated surprise and asked who had killed his attendant. When they told him, Cao Cao wept aloud for the dead man and had him buried in a fine grave. Most people thought that Cao Cao had slain the man while asleep, but Yang Xiu knew better, and at the funeral of the victim Yang Xiu remarked, “The Prime Minister was in no dream, but only you were asleep.” This only increased the hatred.

Cao Cao's third son, Cao Zhi, took great delight in Yang Xiu's cleverness and often invited him, when they would talk the whole night.

When Cao Cao was considering the nomination of his heir and desired to name Cao Zhi, Cao Pi got to hear of the proposal to set him aside in favor of his younger brother, so he secretly requested the Master of the Court Singers, Wu Zhi, to come and discuss this matter. Then fearing that someone might see his visitor, Cao Pi got a large basket made, in which his friend was smuggled into the Palace. Cao Pi gave out that the basket contained rolls of silk. Yang Xiu heard the truth and informed Cao Cao, who sent guards to watch at the gates. Cao Pi, in alarm, told Wu Zhi, who said, “Be not afraid, but to fill a basket actually with rolls of silk on the morrow and have it carried in as before.”

The searchers peeped into the basket and found the rolls of silk. They told Cao Cao the result of their search, and Cao Cao began to think Yang Xiu was plotting against his son. This also added to his hatred.

Another time Cao Cao, wishing to compare the abilities of his two sons Cao Pi and Cao Zhi, told them both to go out of the city, at the same time ordering the gate wardens to forbid their exit. Cao Pi first came to the gate, was stopped by the wardens and returned to his palace. But his brother Cao Zhi consulted Yang Xiu, who said, “You have received orders from the Prince to go out; simply cut down any who may try to prevent you.”

When Cao Zhi went to the gate and was stopped, he shouted out to the wardens, “I have the Prince's order to go out; dare you stop me?”

He slew the man who would have prevented him. Wherefore Cao Cao considered his younger son the more able. But when some other person told him that the device came from Yang Xiu, he was angry and took a dislike to his son Cao Zhi.

Yang Xiu also used to coach Cao Zhi in preparing replies to likely questions, which were learned by heart and quoted when necessary. Cao Cao was always asking this son his opinion on military matters, and Cao Zhi always had a fluent reply ready. His father was not without suspicions, which were turned into certainties when Cao Pi gave his father the written replies which Cao Pi had bribed a servant to filch from his brother's apartments. Cao Cao was quite angry.

“How dare he throw dust in my eyes like this?” said Cao Cao.

Yang Xiu very nearly lost his life for his share in that business. Now sending him to execution on the charge of destroying the morale of the soldiers was only a subterfuge. Yang Xiu was but thirty-four when he met his end.

Talented was Yang Xiu,

Born of an illustrious stock,

His pen traced wonderful characters,

In his breast were beautiful words.

When he talked, his hearers were astonished,

His alert responses overpast every one.

He died because of misdirected genius

And not because he foretold retreat.

Cao Cao thus put to death the prime mover and simulated anger against Xiahou Dun. He threatened to execute Xiahou Dun, but listened to those who begged him to show mercy. “Get out of this!” said he.

Next he issued an order to advance on the morrow. The army moved out of the valley and came face to face with the troops of Shu led by Wei Yan. He summoned Wei Yan to surrender, but received abuse and contumely in return.

Pang De went out to fight Wei Yan; but while the combat was in progress, fires broke out in Cao Cao's camp, and a soldier came flying to say that the rear and center camps had been seized by Ma Chao. Fearing lest this should lead to a rout, he drew his sword and stood before the army, crying out, “Death for any officer who flinches!”

Wherefore the men of Wei pressed forward valiantly, and Wei Yan, pretending defeat, retreated. Having driven back this army, Cao Cao gave the signal to turn toward camp and fight with Ma Chao. He took up his station on the top of a hill whence he could survey the field. Suddenly a cohort appeared just below him, and the leader cried, “Wei Yan is here!”

Wei Yan fitted an arrow to his bow, shot, and wounded Cao Cao right in his lip. Cao Cao turned and fell. Wei Yan threw aside his bow, seized his sword, and came charging up the hill to finish his enemy. But with a shouting Pang De flashed in.

“Spare my lord!” cried Pang De.

He rushed up and drove Wei Yan backward. Then they took Cao Cao away. Ma Chao also retired, and the wounded prince slowly returned to his own camp.

As has been said, Cao Cao was wounded full in the face, and the arrow knocked out two of his front teeth. When in the hands of the physicians, he lay thinking over Yang Xiu's words. In a repentant mood he had Yang Xiu's remains decently interred.

Then he gave the order to retreat. Pang De was the rear guard. Cao Cao set out homeward in a padded carriage, escorted by his Tiger Guard.

Before they had gone far, there was an alarm of fire and ambush in the Xie Valley. The soldiers of Wei were all fear-stricken.

That was something like the danger once at Tong Pass met,

Or like the fight at the Red Cliffs which no one could never forget.

How Cao Cao fared will next be told.