卷十一·孝景本纪第十一
卷十一·孝景本纪第十一
司马迁
孝景皇帝者，孝文之中子也。母窦太后。孝文在代时，前后有三男，及窦太后得幸，前后死，及三子更死，故孝景得立。
元年四月乙卯，赦天下。乙巳，赐民爵一级。五月，除田半租，为孝文立太宗庙。令群臣无朝贺。匈奴入代，与约和亲。
二年春，封故相国萧何孙系为武陵侯。男子二十而得傅。四月壬午，孝文太后崩。广川、长沙王皆之国。丞相申屠嘉卒。八月，以御史大夫开封侯陶青为丞相。彗星出东北。秋，衡山雨雹，大者五寸，深者二尺。荧惑逆行，守北辰。月出北辰间。岁星逆行天廷中。置南陵及内史祋祤为县。
三年正月乙巳，赦天下。长星出西方。天火燔雒阳东宫大殿城室。吴王濞、楚王戊、赵王遂、胶西王卬、济南王辟光、菑川王贤、胶东王雄渠反，发兵西乡。天子为诛晁错，遣袁盎谕告，不止，遂西围梁。上乃遣大将军窦婴、太尉周亚夫将兵诛之。六月乙亥。赦亡军及楚元王子蓺等与谋反者。封大将军窦婴为魏其侯。立楚元王子平陆侯礼为楚王。立皇子端为胶西王，子胜为中山王。徙济北王志为菑川王，淮阳王余为鲁王，汝南王非为江都王。齐王将庐、燕王嘉皆薨。
四年夏，立太子。立皇子彻为胶东王。六月甲戌，赦天下。后九月，更以易阳为阳陵。复置津关，用传出入。冬，以赵国为邯郸郡。
五年三月，作阳陵、渭桥。五月，募徙阳陵，予钱二十万。江都大暴风从西方来，坏城十二丈。丁卯，封长公主子蟜为隆虑侯。徙广川王为赵王。
六年春，封中尉绾为建陵侯，江都丞相嘉为建平侯，陇西太守浑邪为平曲侯，赵丞相嘉为江陵侯，故将军布为鄃侯。梁楚二王皆薨。后九月，伐驰道树，殖兰池。
七年冬，废栗太子为临江王。十一月晦，日有食之。春，免徒隶作阳陵者。丞相青免。二月乙巳，以太尉条侯周亚夫为丞相。四月乙巳，立胶东王太后为皇后。丁巳，立胶东王为太子。名彻。
中元年，封故御史大夫周苛孙平为绳侯，故御史大夫周昌孙左车为安阳侯，四月乙巳，赦天下，赐爵一级。除禁锢。地动。衡山、原都雨雹，大者尺八寸。
中二年二月，匈奴入燕，遂不和亲。三月，召临江王来。即死中尉府中。夏，立皇子越为广川王，子寄为胶东王。封四侯。九月甲戌，日食。
中三年冬，罢诸侯御史中丞。春，匈奴王二人率其徒来降，皆封为列侯。立皇子方乘为清河王。三月，彗星出西北。丞相周亚夫免，以御史大夫桃侯刘舍为丞相。四月，地动。九月戊戌晦，日食。军东都门外。
中四年三月，置德阳宫。大蝗。秋，赦徒作阳陵者。
中五年夏，立皇子舜为常山王。封十侯。六月丁巳，赦天下，赐爵一级。天下大潦。更命诸侯丞相曰相。秋，地动。
中六年二月己卯，行幸雍，郊见五帝。三月，雨雹。四月，梁孝王、城阳共王、汝南王皆薨。立梁孝王子明为济川王，子彭离为济东王，子定为山阳王，子不识为济阴王。梁分为五。封四侯。更命廷尉为大理，将作少府为将作大匠，主爵中尉为都尉，长信詹事为长信少府，将行为大长秋，大行为行人，奉常为太常，典客为大行，治粟内史为大农。以大内为二千石，置左右内官，属大内。七月辛亥，日食。八月，匈奴入上郡。
后元年冬，更命中大夫令为卫尉。三月丁酉，赦天下，赐爵一级，中二千石、诸侯相爵右庶长。四月，大酺。五月丙戌，地动，其蚤食时复动。上庸地动二十二日，坏城垣。七月乙巳，日食。丞相刘舍免。八月壬辰，以御史大夫绾为丞相，封为建陵侯。
后二年正月，地一日三动。郅将军击匈奴。酺五日。令内史郡不得食马粟，没入县官。令徒隶衣七緵布。止马舂。为岁不登，禁天下食不造岁。省列侯遣之国。三月，匈奴入雁门。十月，租长陵田。大旱。衡山国、河东、云中郡民疫。
后三年十月，日月皆赤五日。十二月晦，□ 。日如紫。五星逆行守太微。月贯天廷中。正月甲寅，皇太子冠。甲子，孝景皇帝崩。遗诏赐诸侯王以下至民为父后爵一级，天下户百钱。出宫人归其家，复无所与。太子即位，是为孝武皇帝。三月，封皇太后弟蚡为武安侯，弟胜为周阳侯。置阳陵。
太史公曰：汉兴，孝文施大德，天下怀安，至孝景，不复忧异姓，而晁错刻削诸侯，遂使七国俱起，合从而西乡，以诸侯太盛，而错为之不以渐也。及主父偃言之，而诸侯以弱，卒以安。安危之机，岂不以谋哉？
Fascicle Eleven · Basic Annals of Emperor Xiaojing, Eleventh
司马迁
Emperor Xiaojing was a middle son of Xiaowen. His mother was the Dowager Dou. When Xiaowen was in Dai, his former consort had borne three sons; and when the Dowager Dou found favour, the former consort died, and the three sons died one after another, and so Xiaojing was able to be set up.
In the fourth month of the first year, on the yimao day, there was a pardon throughout the land. On the yisi day the people were granted one degree of rank. In the fifth month half the land tax was remitted, and a temple of the Grand Ancestor was set up for Xiaowen. The ministers were ordered not to offer court congratulations. The Xiongnu entered Dai, and an agreement of peace by marriage alliance was made with them.
In the spring of the second year he enfeoffed Xi, grandson of the former Chancellor of State Xiao He, as Marquis of Wuling. Males were to be registered for service at twenty. In the fourth month, on the renwu day, the Dowager of Xiaowen died. The kings of Guangchuan and Changsha both went to their states. The chancellor Shentu Jia died. In the eighth month the Grandee Secretary Tao Qing, Marquis of Kaifeng, was made chancellor. A comet appeared in the northeast. In autumn hail fell at Hengshan, the largest five cun across and lying two chi deep. Mars moved retrograde and kept station at the Northern Asterism. The moon came out between the Northern Asterism. Jupiter moved retrograde within the Heavenly Court. Nanling and Duiyu in the Inner Scribe's district were made counties.
In the first month of the third year, on the yisi day, there was a pardon throughout the land. A long star appeared in the west. Heavenly fire burned the great hall and the walled chambers of the eastern palace at Luoyang. Bi, king of Wu, Wu, king of Chu, Sui, king of Zhao, Ang, king of Jiaoxi, Piguang, king of Jinan, Xian, king of Zichuan, and Xiongqu, king of Jiaodong, rebelled and sent troops westward. The Son of Heaven, on their account, put Chao Cuo to death and sent Yuan Ang to proclaim it to them; they did not stop, and so went west and besieged Liang. The Emperor then sent the Grand General Dou Ying and the Commandant-in-Chief Zhou Yafu with troops to put them down. On the yihai day of the sixth month he pardoned those who had fled from the army and Yi and the other sons of King Yuan of Chu who had taken part in the rebellion. He enfeoffed the Grand General Dou Ying as Marquis of Weiqi. He set up Li, Marquis of Pinglu and son of King Yuan of Chu, as king of Chu. He set up the imperial son Duan as king of Jiaoxi and his son Sheng as king of Zhongshan. He moved Zhi, king of Jibei, to be king of Zichuan, Yu, king of Huaiyang, to be king of Lu, and Fei, king of Runan, to be king of Jiangdu. Jianglü, king of Qi, and Jia, king of Yan, both died.
In the summer of the fourth year he set up the heir apparent. He set up the imperial son Che as king of Jiaodong. On the jiaxu day of the sixth month there was a pardon throughout the land. In the later ninth month Yiyang was renamed Yangling. Fords and barriers were re-established, and passes were used for going in and out. In winter the state of Zhao was made the commandery of Handan.
In the third month of the fifth year Yangling and the Wei Bridge were built. In the fifth month settlers were called for to move to Yangling, with a grant of two hundred thousand cash. At Jiangdu a great violent wind came from the west and broke down twelve zhang of the city wall. On the dingmao day he enfeoffed Jiao, son of the Elder Princess, as Marquis of Longlü. The king of Guangchuan was moved to be king of Zhao.
In the spring of the sixth year he enfeoffed the Commandant of the Capital Wan as Marquis of Jianling, the chancellor of Jiangdu, Jia, as Marquis of Jianping, the governor of Longxi, Hunye, as Marquis of Pingqu, the chancellor of Zhao, Jia, as Marquis of Jiangling, and the former general Bu as Marquis of Shu. The kings of Liang and Chu both died. In the later ninth month the trees along the speedways were cut down and the Orchid Pool was planted.
In the winter of the seventh year the heir apparent Li was deposed and made king of Linjiang. On the last day of the eleventh month there was an eclipse of the sun. In spring the convict labourers working on Yangling were released. The chancellor Qing was dismissed. In the second month, on the yisi day, the Commandant-in-Chief Zhou Yafu, Marquis of Tiao, was made chancellor. In the fourth month, on the yisi day, the mother of the king of Jiaodong was set up as empress. On the dingsi day the king of Jiaodong was set up as heir apparent. His name was Che.
In the first year of the middle reign he enfeoffed Ping, grandson of the former Grandee Secretary Zhou Ke, as Marquis of Sheng, and Zuoche, grandson of the former Grandee Secretary Zhou Chang, as Marquis of Anyang. In the fourth month, on the yisi day, there was a pardon throughout the land and a grant of one degree of rank. The ban on holding office was lifted. There was an earthquake. Hail fell at Hengshan and Yuandu, the largest a chi eight cun across.
In the second month of the second year of the middle reign the Xiongnu entered Yan, and so there was no peace by marriage alliance. In the third month the king of Linjiang was summoned to come, and he died in the office of the Commandant of the Capital. In summer the imperial son Yue was set up as king of Guangchuan and his son Ji as king of Jiaodong. Four marquises were enfeoffed. In the ninth month, on the jiaxu day, there was an eclipse of the sun.
In the winter of the third year of the middle reign the office of Palace Aide to the Censor-in-Chief in the lords' states was abolished. In spring two kings of the Xiongnu led their followers and came to surrender, and both were enfeoffed as full marquises. The imperial son Fangcheng was set up as king of Qinghe. In the third month a comet appeared in the northwest. The chancellor Zhou Yafu was dismissed, and the Grandee Secretary Liu She, Marquis of Tao, was made chancellor. In the fourth month there was an earthquake. On the last day of the ninth month, the wuxu day, there was an eclipse of the sun. Troops were camped outside the Eastern Capital gate.
In the third month of the fourth year of the middle reign the Deyang Palace was established. There was a great plague of locusts. In autumn the convicts working on Yangling were pardoned.
In the summer of the fifth year of the middle reign the imperial son Shun was set up as king of Changshan. Ten marquises were enfeoffed. In the sixth month, on the dingsi day, there was a pardon throughout the land and a grant of one degree of rank. There were great floods throughout the land. The title of chancellor in the lords' states was changed to minister. In autumn there was an earthquake.
In the second month of the sixth year of the middle reign, on the jimao day, he travelled to Yong and sacrificed in the suburbs to the Five Emperors. In the third month hail fell. In the fourth month King Xiao of Liang, King Gong of Chengyang and the king of Runan all died. King Xiao of Liang's son Ming was set up as king of Jichuan, his son Pengli as king of Jidong, his son Ding as king of Shanyang and his son Bushi as king of Jiyin. Liang was divided into five. Four marquises were enfeoffed. The Commandant of Justice was renamed Grand Judge; the Privy Treasurer for Works became Grand Master of Works; the Commandant of the Capital for Ranks became Commandant; the Chamberlain of Changxin became Privy Treasurer of Changxin; the Director of Travel became Grand Prolonger of Autumn; the Grand Usher became Master of Ceremonies for Guests; the Upholder of Ceremonies became Grand Master of Ceremonies; the Director of Guests became Grand Usher; the Chief Clerk of Grain became Grand Minister of Agriculture. The Great Inner Treasury was made an office of two thousand piculs, and Inner Officers of the Left and Right were established under the Great Inner Treasury. In the seventh month, on the xinhai day, there was an eclipse of the sun. In the eighth month the Xiongnu entered Shangjun.
In the winter of the first year of the later reign the Director of Palace Grandees was renamed Commandant of the Guards. In the third month, on the dingyou day, there was a pardon throughout the land, a grant of one degree of rank, and to officers of the middle two thousand piculs and the ministers of the lords the rank of Chief of the Right. In the fourth month there was great feasting. In the fifth month, on the bingxu day, there was an earthquake, and at the early meal time it shook again. At Shangyong the earth shook for twenty-two days and the city walls fell. In the seventh month, on the yisi day, there was an eclipse of the sun. The chancellor Liu She was dismissed. In the eighth month, on the renchen day, the Grandee Secretary Wan was made chancellor and enfeoffed as Marquis of Jianling.
In the first month of the second year of the later reign the earth shook three times in one day. General Zhi struck the Xiongnu. There was feasting for five days. It was ordered that in the Inner Scribe's district and the commanderies horses were not to be fed grain, on pain of confiscation by the authorities. It was ordered that convict labourers wear cloth of seven threads. Pounding grain with horse-mills was stopped. Because the year's harvest had failed, it was forbidden throughout the land to eat more than the year's produce. The number of full marquises was reduced by sending them to their states. In the third month the Xiongnu entered Yanmen. In the tenth month the fields of Changling were let out for rent. There was a great drought. The people of the state of Hengshan and of the commanderies of Hedong and Yunzhong suffered pestilence.
In the tenth month of the third year of the later reign the sun and moon were both red for five days. On the last day of the twelfth month, [□]. The sun was like purple. The five planets moved retrograde and kept station at the Grand Tenuity enclosure. The moon passed through the Heavenly Court. In the first month, on the jiayin day, the August Heir Apparent was capped. On the jiazi day Emperor Xiaojing died. By testamentary edict the lords and kings down to the common people who were to succeed their fathers were granted one degree of rank, and a hundred cash to each household in the land. The palace women were sent out and returned to their homes, and exempted from all obligations. The heir apparent took the throne: he is Emperor Xiaowu. In the third month he enfeoffed the August Dowager's younger brother Fen as Marquis of Wu'an and her younger brother Sheng as Marquis of Zhouyang. Yangling was established.
The Lord Grand Astrologer says: When Han arose, Xiaowen spread great virtue and the world was comforted and at peace; and by the time of Xiaojing there was no more anxiety about those of other surnames. But Chao Cuo pared away at the lords, and so brought the seven states to rise together, join in a vertical alliance and turn westward — because the lords were too great, and Cuo went about it without gradual steps. When Zhufu Yan spoke of it, the lords were thereby weakened, and in the end there was peace. In the springs of safety and danger, is it not a matter of planning?