第二回

第二回 张翼德怒鞭督邮 何国舅谋诛宦竖

且说董卓字仲颖，陇西临洮人也，官拜河东太守，自来骄傲。当日怠慢了玄德，张飞性发，便欲杀之。玄德与关公急止之曰：“他是朝廷命官，岂可擅杀？”飞曰：“若不杀这厮，反要在他部下听令，其实不甘！二兄要便住在此，我自投别处去也！”玄德曰：“我三人义同生死，岂可相离？不若都投别处去便了。”飞曰：“若如此，稍解吾恨。”

于是三人连夜引军来投朱儁，儁待之甚厚，合兵一处，进讨张宝。是时曹操自跟皇甫嵩讨张梁，大战于曲阳，这里朱儁进攻张宝。张宝引贼众八九万，屯于山后。儁令玄德为其先锋，与贼对敌。张宝遣副将高升出马搦战[1]，玄德使张飞击之。飞纵马挺矛，与升交战，不数合，刺升落马。玄德麾军直冲过去。张宝就马上披发仗剑，作起妖法。只见风雷大作，一股黑气从天而降，黑气中似有无限人马杀来。玄德连忙回军，军中大乱，败阵而归，与朱儁计议。儁曰：“彼用妖术，我来日可宰猪羊狗血，令军士伏于山头，候贼赶来，从高坡上泼之，其法可解。”玄德听令，拨关公、张飞各引军一千，伏于山后高冈之上，盛猪羊狗血并秽物准备。次日，张宝摇旗擂鼓，引军搦战，玄德出迎。交锋之际，张宝作法，风雷大作，飞砂走石，黑气漫天，滚滚人马，自天而下。玄德拨马便走，张宝驱兵赶来。将过山头，关、张伏军放起号炮，秽物齐泼。但见空中纸人草马，纷纷坠地，风雷顿息，砂石不飞。张宝见解了法，急欲退军。左关公，右张飞，两军都出，背后玄德、朱儁一齐赶上，贼兵大败。玄德望见“地公将军”旗号，飞马赶来，张宝落荒而走[2]。玄德发箭，中其左臂。张宝带箭逃脱，走入阳城，坚守不出。朱儁引兵围住阳城攻打，一面差人打探皇甫嵩消息。探子回报，具说：“皇甫嵩大获胜捷，朝廷以董卓屡败，命嵩代之。嵩到时，张角已死，张梁统其众，与我军相拒，被皇甫嵩连胜七阵，斩张梁于曲阳。发张角之棺，戮尸枭首[3]，送往京师。馀众俱降。朝廷加皇甫嵩为车骑将军，领冀州牧。皇甫嵩又表奏卢植有功无罪，朝廷复卢植原官。曹操亦以有功，除济南相，即日将班师赴任。”朱儁听说，催促军马，悉力攻打阳城。贼势危急，贼将严政刺杀张宝，献首投降。朱儁遂平数郡，上表献捷。

时又黄巾馀党三人——赵弘、韩忠、孙仲，聚众数万，望风烧劫，称与张角报仇。朝廷命朱儁即以得胜之师讨之。儁奉诏，率军前进。时贼据宛城，儁引兵攻之，赵弘遣韩忠出战。儁遣玄德、关、张攻城西南角。韩忠尽率精锐之众，来西南角抵敌。朱儁自纵铁骑二千，径取东北角。贼恐失城，急弃西南而回。玄德从背后掩杀，贼众大败，奔入宛城。朱儁分兵四面围定，城中断粮，韩忠使人出城投降，儁不许。玄德曰：“昔高祖之得天下，盖为能招降纳顺[4]，公何拒韩忠耶？”儁曰：“彼一时，此一时也。昔秦、项之际，天下大乱，民无定主，故招降赏附[5]，以劝来耳。今海内一统，惟黄巾造反，若容其降，无以劝善。使贼得利恣意劫掠，失利便投降。此长寇之志，非良策也。”玄德曰：“不容寇降是矣。今四面围如铁桶，贼乞降不得，必然死战。万人一心，尚不可当，况城中有数万死命之人乎？不若撤去东南，独攻西北。贼必弃城而走，无心恋战，可即擒也。”儁然之，随撤东南二面军马，一齐攻打西北。韩忠果引军弃城而奔。儁与玄德、关、张率三军掩杀，射死韩忠，馀皆四散奔走。正追赶间，赵弘、孙仲引贼众到，与儁交战。儁见弘势大，引军暂退。弘乘势复夺宛城。儁离十里下寨，方欲攻打，忽见正东一彪人马到来。为首一将，生得广额阔面，虎体熊腰，吴郡富春人也，姓孙名坚，字文台，乃孙武子之后。年十七岁时，与父至钱塘，见海贼十馀人，劫取商人财物，于岸上分赃。坚谓父曰：“此贼可擒也。”遂奋力提刀上岸，扬声大叫，东西指挥，如唤人状。贼以为官兵至，尽弃财物奔走。坚赶上，杀一贼。由是郡县知名，荐为校尉。后会稽妖贼许昌造反，自称“阳明皇帝”，聚众数万。坚与郡司马招募勇士千馀人，会合州郡破之，斩许昌并其子许韶。刺史臧旻上表奏其功，除坚为盐渎丞，又除盱眙丞、下邳丞。今见黄巾寇起，聚集乡中少年及诸商旅，并淮泗精兵一千五百馀人，前来接应。朱儁大喜，便令坚攻打南门，玄德打北门，朱儁打西门，留东门与贼走。孙坚首先登城，斩贼二十馀人，贼众奔溃。赵弘飞马突槊[6]，直取孙坚。坚从城上飞身夺弘槊，刺弘下马，却骑弘马，飞身往来杀贼。孙仲引贼突出北门，正迎玄德，无心恋战，只待奔逃。玄德张弓一箭，正中孙仲，翻身落马。朱儁大军随后掩杀，斩首数万级，降者不可胜计。南阳一路十数郡皆平。儁班师[7]回京，诏封为车骑将军，河南尹。儁表奏孙坚、刘备等功。坚有人情，除别郡司马上任去了，惟玄德听候日久不得除授。

三人郁郁不乐，上街闲行，正值郎中张钧车到。玄德见之，自陈功绩。钧大惊，随入朝见帝曰：“昔黄巾造反，其原皆由十常侍卖官鬻爵，非亲不用，非仇不诛，以致天下大乱。今宜斩十常侍，悬首南郊，遣使者布告天下，有功者重加赏赐，则四海自清平也。”十常侍奏帝曰：“张钧欺主。”帝令武士逐出张钧。十常侍共议：“此必破黄巾有功者，不得除授，故生怨言。权且教省家铨注[8]微名，待后却再理会未晚。”因此玄德除授定州中山府安喜县尉，克日赴任。玄德将兵散回乡里，止带亲随二十馀人，与关、张来安喜县中到任。署县事一月，与民秋毫无犯，民皆感化。到任之后，与关、张食则同桌，寝则同床。如玄德在稠人广坐，关、张侍立，终日不倦。

到县未及四月，朝廷降诏，凡有军功为长吏者当沙汰[9]，玄德疑在遣中。适督邮行部[10]至县，玄德出郭迎接，见督邮施礼。督邮坐于马上，惟微以鞭指回答，关、张二公俱怒。及到馆驿[11]，督邮南面高坐，玄德侍立阶下。良久，督邮问曰：“刘县尉是何出身？”玄德曰：“备乃中山靖王之后。自涿郡剿戮黄巾，大小三十馀战，颇有微功，因得除今职。”督邮大喝曰：“汝诈称皇亲，虚报功绩！目今朝廷降诏，正要沙汰这等滥官污吏！”玄德喏喏连声而退。归到县中，与县吏商议。吏曰：“督邮作威，无非要贿赂耳。”玄德曰：“我与民秋毫无犯，那得财物与他？”次日，督邮先提县吏去，勒令指称县尉害民。玄德几番自往求免，俱被门役阻住，不肯放参[12]。

却说张飞饮了数杯闷酒，乘马从馆驿前过，见五六十个老人，皆在门前痛哭，飞问其故。众老人答曰：“督邮逼勒县吏，欲害刘公。我等皆来苦告，不得放入，反遭把门人赶打！”张飞大怒，睁圆环眼，咬碎钢牙，滚鞍下马，径入馆驿，把门人那里阻挡得住。直奔后堂，见督邮正坐厅上，将县吏绑倒在地，飞大喝：“害民贼！认得我么？”督邮未及开言，早被张飞揪住头发，扯出馆驿，直到县前马桩上缚住，攀下柳条，去督邮两腿上着力鞭打，一连打折柳条十数枝。玄德正纳闷间，听得县前喧闹，问左右，答曰：“张将军绑一人在县前痛打。”玄德忙去观之，见绑缚者乃督邮也。玄德惊问其故，飞曰：“此等害民贼，不打死等甚！”督邮告曰：“玄德公救我性命！”玄德终是仁慈的人，急喝张飞住手。傍边转过关公来，曰：“兄长建许多大功，仅得县尉，今反被督邮侮辱。吾思枳棘丛中，非栖鸾凤之所[13]，不如杀督邮，弃官归乡，别图远大之计。”玄德乃取印绶，挂于督邮之颈，责之曰：“据汝害民，本当杀却，今姑饶汝命。吾缴还印绶，从此去矣。”督邮归告定州太守，太守申文省府，差人捕捉。玄德、关、张三人往代州投刘恢，恢见玄德乃汉室宗亲，留匿在家不题。

却说十常侍既握重权，互相商议，但有不从己者诛之。赵忠、张让差人问破黄巾将士索金帛，不从者奏罢职。皇甫嵩、朱儁皆不肯与，赵忠等俱奏罢其官。帝又封赵忠等为车骑将军，张让等十三人皆封列侯。朝政愈坏，人民嗟怨。于是长沙贼区星作乱，渔阳张举、张纯反——举称天子，纯称大将军。表章雪片告急，十常侍皆藏匿不奏。

一日，帝在后园与十常侍饮宴，谏议大夫刘陶，径到帝前大恸。帝问其故，陶曰：“天下危在旦夕，陛下尚自与阉宦共饮耶！”帝曰：“国家承平，有何危急？”陶曰：“四方盗贼并起，侵掠州郡。其祸皆由十常侍卖官害民，欺君罔上。朝廷正人皆去，祸在目前矣！”十常侍皆免冠跪伏于帝前曰：“大臣不相容，臣等不能活矣！愿乞性命归田里，尽将家产以助军资。”言罢痛哭。帝怒谓陶曰：“汝家亦有近侍之人，何独不容朕耶？”呼武士推出斩之。刘陶大呼：“臣死不惜！可怜汉室天下，四百馀年，到此一旦休矣！”武士拥陶出，方欲行刑，一大臣喝住曰：“勿得下手，待我谏去。”众视之乃司徒陈耽，径入宫中来谏帝曰：“刘谏议得何罪而受诛？”帝曰：“毁谤近臣，冒渎朕躬。”耽曰：“天下人民，欲食十常侍之肉，陛下敬之如父母，身无寸功，皆封列侯，况封谞等结连黄巾，欲为内乱。陛下今不自省，社稷[14]立见崩摧矣！”帝曰：“封谞作乱，其事不明。十常侍中，岂无一二忠臣？”陈耽以头撞阶而谏。帝怒，命牵出，与刘陶皆下狱。是夜，十常侍即于狱中谋杀之，假帝诏以孙坚为长沙太守，讨区星。

不五十日，报捷，江夏平。诏封坚为乌程侯；封刘虞为幽州牧，领兵往渔阳征张举、张纯。代州刘恢以书荐玄德见虞。虞大喜，令玄德为都尉，引兵直抵贼巢，与贼大战数日，挫动锐气。张纯专一凶暴，士卒心变，帐下头目刺杀张纯，将头纳献，率众来降。张举见势败，亦自缢死。渔阳尽平。刘虞表奏刘备大功，朝廷赦免鞭督邮之罪，除下密丞，迁高堂尉。公孙瓒又表陈玄德前功，荐为别部司马，守平原县令。玄德在平原，颇有钱粮军马，重整旧日气象。刘虞平寇有功，封太尉。

中平六年夏四月，灵帝病笃，召大将军何进入宫，商议后事。那何进起身屠家，因妹入宫为贵人，生皇子辩，遂立为皇后，进由是得权重任。帝又宠幸王美人，生皇子协。何后嫉妒，鸩杀[15]王美人。皇子协养于董太后宫中，董太后乃灵帝之母，解渎亭侯刘苌之妻也。初因桓帝无子，迎立解渎亭侯之子，是为灵帝。灵帝入继大统，遂迎养母氏于宫中，尊为太后。

董太后尝劝帝立皇子协为太子，帝亦偏爱协，欲立之。当时病笃，中常侍蹇硕奏曰：“若欲立协，必先诛何进，以绝后患。”帝然其说，因宣进入宫。进至宫门，司马潘隐谓进曰：“不可入宫，蹇硕欲谋杀公。”进大惊，急归私宅，召诸大臣，欲尽诛宦官。座上一人挺身出曰：“宦官之势，起自冲、质之时，朝廷滋蔓极广，安能尽诛？倘机不密，必有灭族之祸。请细详之。”进视之，乃典军校尉曹操也。进叱曰：“汝小辈安知朝廷大事！”正踌躇间，潘隐至，言：“帝已崩。今蹇硕与十常侍商议，秘不发丧，矫诏宣何国舅入宫，欲绝后患，册立皇子协为帝。”说未了，使命至，宣进速入，以定后事。操曰：“今日之计，先宜正君位，然后图贼。”进曰：“谁敢与吾正君讨贼？”一人挺身出曰：“愿借精兵五千，斩关入内，册立新君，尽诛阉竖，扫清朝廷，以安天下！”进视之，乃司徒袁逢之子，袁隗之侄，名绍字本初，现为司隶校尉。何进大喜，遂点御林军五千。绍全身披挂。何进引何颙、荀攸、郑泰等大臣三十馀员，相继而入，就灵帝柩前，扶立太子辩即皇帝位。

百官呼拜已毕，袁绍入宫收蹇硕。硕慌走入御园，花阴下为中常侍郭胜所杀。硕所领禁军，尽皆投顺。绍谓何进曰：“中官[16]结党，今日可乘势尽诛之。”张让等知事急，慌入告何后曰：“始初设谋陷害大将军者，止蹇硕一人，并不干臣等事。今大将军听袁绍之言，欲尽诛臣等，乞娘娘怜悯！”何太后曰：“汝等勿忧，我当保汝。”传旨宣何进入。太后密谓曰：“我与汝出身寒微，非张让等，焉能享此富贵？今蹇硕不仁，既已伏诛，汝何听信人言，欲尽诛宦官耶？”何进听罢，出谓众官曰：“蹇硕设谋害我，可族灭其家。其馀不必妄加残害。”袁绍曰：“若不斩草除根，必为丧身之本。”进曰：“吾意已决，汝勿多言。”众官皆退。

次日，太后命何进参录尚书事，其馀皆封官职。董太后宣张让等入宫商议曰：“何进之妹，始初我抬举他。今日他孩儿即皇帝位，内外臣僚皆其心腹，威权太重，我将如何？”让奏曰：“娘娘可临朝垂帘听政[17]，封皇子协为王，加国舅董重大官掌握军权，重用臣等。大事可图矣。”董太后大喜。次日设朝，董太后降旨，封皇子协为陈留王，董重为骠骑将军，张让等共预[18]朝政。何太后见董太后专权，于宫中设一宴，请董太后赴席。酒至半酣，何太后起身捧杯再拜曰：“我等皆妇人也，参预朝政，非其所宜。昔吕后因握重权，宗族千口皆被戮。今我等宜深居九重[19]，朝廷大事，任大臣元老自行商议，此国家之幸也。愿垂听焉。”董后大怒曰：“汝鸩死王美人，设心嫉妒。今倚汝子为君，与汝兄何进之势，辄敢乱言！吾敕骠骑断汝兄首，如反掌耳！”何后亦怒曰：“吾以好言相劝，何反怒耶？”董后曰：“汝家屠沽小辈[20]，有何见识！”两宫互相争竞，张让等各劝归宫。何后连夜召何进入宫，告以前事。何进出，召三公共议。来早设朝，使廷臣奏董太后原系藩妃，不宜久居宫中，合仍迁于河间安置，限日下即出国门[21]。一面遣人起送董后，一面点禁军围骠骑将军董重府宅，追索印绶。董重知事急，自刎于后堂。家人举哀，军士方散。张让、段珪见董后一枝已废，遂皆以金珠玩好结构何进弟何苗并其母舞阳君，令早晚入何太后处，善言遮蔽。因此十常侍又得近幸。

六月，何进暗使人鸩杀董后于河间驿庭，举柩回京，葬于文陵。进托病不出，司隶校尉袁绍入见进曰：“张让、段珪等流言于外，言公鸩杀董后，欲谋大事。乘此时不诛阉宦，后必为大祸。昔窦武欲诛内竖，机谋不密，反受其殃。今公兄弟，部曲[22]将吏皆英俊之士，若使尽力，事在掌握。此天赞之时，不可失也。”进曰：“且容商议。”左右密报张让，让等转告何苗，又多送贿赂。苗入奏何后云：“大将军辅佐新君，不行仁慈，专务杀伐。今无端又欲杀十常侍，此取乱之道也。”后纳其言。少顷[23]，何进入白后[24]，欲诛中涓。何后曰：“中官统领禁省，汉家故事。先帝新弃天下，尔欲诛杀旧臣，非重宗庙[25]也。”进本是没决断之人，听太后言，唯唯而出。袁绍迎问曰：“大事若何？”进曰：“太后不允，如之奈何？”绍曰：“可召四方英雄之士，勒[26]兵来京，尽诛阉竖。此时事急，不容太后不从。”进曰：“此计大妙！”便发檄至各镇，召赴京师。主簿陈琳曰：“不可！俗云‘掩目而捕燕雀’，是自欺也。微物尚不可欺以得志，况国家大事乎？今将军仗皇威，掌兵要，龙骧虎步，高下在心，若欲诛宦官，如鼓洪炉燎毛发耳。但当速发雷霆，行权立断，则天人顺之。却反外檄大臣，临犯京阙。英雄聚会，各怀一心，所谓倒持干戈，授人以柄，功必不成，反生乱矣。”何进笑曰：“此懦夫之见也！”旁边一人鼓掌大笑曰：“此事易如反掌，何必多议！”视之，乃曹操也。正是：欲除君侧宵人[27]乱，须听朝中智士谋。不知曹操说出甚话来，且听下文分解。

[1] 搦（nuò）战——挑战。

[2] 落荒而走——由大道而岔向荒野偏僻的地方逃跑，意思是慌不择路。

[3] 枭（xiāo）首——一种酷刑，砍下人头，挂在高杆上示众。

[4] 纳顺——接纳投降的人。

[5] 赏附——奖赏归附的人。

[6] 突槊（shuò）——槊，古代兵器，就是长矛。突槊，挺着长矛向前冲刺。

[7] 班师——回军，罢兵而归。

[8] 铨注——铨，量才授官；注，登记。

[9] 沙汰——淘汰。

[10] 行部——巡行所属各县，考察政绩。

[11] 馆驿——官家在驿站上设的客舍。

[12] 放参——放入参见。

[13] 枳棘（zhǐ jí）丛中，非栖鸾凤之所——枳、棘是两种多刺的灌木，被当作“恶木”的代表，用以譬喻坏人和恶劣的环境。栖，停息、居宿。所，地方。

[14] 社稷（jì）——帝王祭土地神和谷神的地方，封建统治者常用社稷来代表国家政权。

[15] 鸩（zhèn）杀——用药酒毒杀。鸩是一种鸟，据说羽毛剧毒，用以浸制的毒酒叫鸩，亦写作“酖”。

[16] 中官——即宦官。又称“中贵”。下文的“阉宦”、“内竖”、“阉竖”，则是对宦官的贱称。

[17] 垂帘听政——封建时代往往有皇帝幼弱，太后临朝执政的情形，叫做“垂帘听政”。垂帘，表示“男女之别”，妇人不能面对臣僚，要用帘子遮隔开来。

[18] 预——参与。

[19] 九重（chónɡ）——帝王所居的宫廷。本来是指有九重（层）门，比拟宫禁的深严。

[20] 屠沽小辈——屠，屠户；沽，卖酒的；小辈，犹如说“下等人”。封建统治阶级把屠沽一类的商贩看作下贱的职业，这里由于何进家庭出身是屠户，加以侮辱性的讥诮。

[21] 国门——京都的城门。

[22] 部曲——部和曲，是汉代军队编制两级的名称，这里指直属何进兄弟统率的军队。

[23] 少顷——不多时，一会儿。

[24] 入白后——进宫向何太后陈述。白，禀告。

[25] 非重宗庙——宗庙是皇帝祭祀祖宗的家庙，由于封建统治者把国家看作皇帝“一姓的天下”，所以就把“宗庙”当作政权的象征，宗庙的存亡，就表示出国家政权的存亡。非重宗庙，这不是郑重地对待政权的办法，意即太轻率，有危险。

[26] 勒——统率、带领。

[27] 宵人——小人、坏人。

CHAPTER 2. Zhang Fei Whips The Government Officer; He Jin Plots To Kill The Eunuchs.

Dong Zhuo was born in the far northwest at Lintao in Longxi. As the governor of Hedong, Dong Zhuo himself was arrogant and overbearing. But the day he had treated Liu Bei with contumely had been his last, had not Liu Bei and Guan Yu restrained their wrathful brother Zhang Fei.

“Remember he has the government commission;” said Liu Bei, “who are we to judge and slay?”

“It is bitter to take orders from such a wretch; I would rather slay him! You may stay here if you wish to, but I will seek some other place,” said Zhang Fei.

“We three are one in life and in death; there is no parting for us. We will all go hence.”

So spoke Liu Bei, and his brother was satisfied. Wherefore all three set out and lost no time in traveling until they came to Zhu Jun, who received them well and accepted their aid in attacking Zhang Bao. At this time Cao Cao had joined himself to Huangfu Song, and they were trying to destroy Zhang Liang, and there was a great battle at Quyang.

Zhang Bao was commanding some eighty thousand troops. The rebel had led his army to a strong position in the rear of the hills. An attack being decided upon, Liu Bei was the van leader. On the rebel side a general of Zhang Bao, Gao Sheng, came out to offer battle. Liu Bei sent Zhang Fei to smite Gao Sheng. Out rode Zhang Fei at full speed, his spear ready set. After a few bouts Zhang Fei wounded Gao Sheng, who was unhorsed. At this Liu Bei signaled the main army to advance. Then Zhang Bao, while still mounted, loosened his hair, grasped his sword, and uttered his incantations. Thereupon began the wind to howl and the thunder to roll, while a dense black cloud from the heavens settled upon the field. And therein seemed to be horsemen and footmen innumerable, who swept to attack the imperial troops. Fear came upon them, and Liu Bei led off his troops, but they were in disorder and returned defeated.

Zhu Jun and Liu Bei considered the matter.

“Zhang Bao uses magic,” said Zhu Jun. “Tomorrow, then, will I prepare counter magic in the shape of the blood of slaughtered swine and goats and dogs. This blood shall be sprinkled upon their hosts from the precipices above by soldiers in ambush. Thus shall we be able to break the power of their shamanic art.”

So it was done. Guan Yu and Zhang Fei took each a thousand troops and hid them on the high cliffs behind the hills, and they had a plentiful supply of the blood of swine and goats and dogs and all manners of filthy things. And so next day, when the rebels with fluttering banners and rolling drums came out to challenge, Liu Bei rode forth to meet them. At the same moment that the armies met, again Zhang Bao began his magic and again the elements began to struggle together. Sand flew in clouds, pebbles were swept along the ground, black masses of vapor filled the sky, and rolling masses of foot and horse descended from on high. Liu Bei turned, as before, to flee and the rebels rushed on. But as they pressed through the hills, the trumpets blared, and the hidden soldiers exploded bombs, threw down filth and spattered blood. The masses of soldiers and horses in the air fluttered to the earth as fragments of torn paper, the wind ceased to blow, the thunder subsided, the sand sank, and the pebbles lay still upon the ground.

Zhang Bao quickly saw his magic had been countered and turned to retire. Then he was attacked on the flanks by Guan Yu and Zhang Fei, and in rear by Liu Bei and Zhu Jun. The rebels were routed. Liu Bei, seeing from afar the banner of “Zhang Bao The Lord of Earth,” galloped toward it but only succeeded in wounding Zhang Bao with an arrow in the left arm. Wounded though he was, Zhang Bao got away into the city of Yangcheng, where he fortified himself and was besieged by Zhu Jun.

Scouts, sent out to get news of Huangfu Song, reported: “Commander Huangfu Song had been very successful, and Dong Zhuo had suffered many reverses. Therefore the court put Huangfu Song in the latter's place. Zhang Jue had died before Huangfu Song's arrival. Zhang Liang had added his brother's army to his own, but no headway could be made against Huangfu Song, whose army gained seven successive victories. And Zhang Liang was slain at Quyang. Beside this, Zhang Jue's coffin was exhumed, the corpse beheaded, and the head, after exposure, was sent to Capital Luoyang. The common crowd had surrendered. For these services Huangfu Song was promoted to General of the Flying Cavalry and the Imperial Protector of Jizhou.

“Huangfu Song did not forgotten his friends. His first act after he had attained to power was to memorialize the Throne concerning the case of Lu Zhi, who was then restored to his former rank for his meritorious conducts. Cao Cao also received advancement for his services and was preparing to go to Jinan to his new post.”

Hearing these things Zhu Jun pressed harder yet upon Yangcheng, and the approaching break-up of the rebellion became evident. Then one of Zhang Bao's officers, Yan Zheng, killed his leader and brought the head in token of submission. Thus rebellion in that part of the country was stamped out, and Zhu Jun made his report to the government.

However, the embers of the Yellow Scarves still smoldered. Three other rebels, Zhao Hong, Han Zhong, and Sun Zhong, gathered some thirty thousand rebels and began to murder and rob and burn, calling themselves the avengers of Master Zhang Jue.

The court commanded the successful Zhu Jun to lead his veteran and successful troops to destroy the rebels. He at once marched toward the city of Wancheng which the rebels were holding. When Zhu Jun arrived, Han Zhong went to oppose him. Zhu Jun sent Liu Bei and his brothers to attack the southwest corner of the city. Han Zhong at once led the best of his troops to defend the city. Meanwhile Zhu Jun himself led two thousand of armored horsemen to attack the opposite corner. The rebels, thinking the city being lost, abandoned the southwest and turned back into the city to help the defenders. Liu Bei pressed hotly in their rear, and they were utterly routed. They took refuge in the city which was then invested. When famine pressed upon the besieged, they sent a messenger to offer to surrender, but Zhu Jun refused the offer.

Said Liu Bei to Zhu Jun, “Seeing that the founder of the Han Dynasty, Liu Bang the Supreme Ancestor, could welcome the submissive and receive the favorable, why reject these?”

“The conditions are different,” replied Zhu Jun. “In those old days disorder was universal and the people had no fixed lord. Wherefore submission was welcomed and support rewarded to encourage people to come over. Now the empire is united, and the Yellow Scarves are the only malcontents. To receive their surrender is not to encourage the good. To allow brigands, when successful, is to give way to every license, and to let them surrender when they fail is to encourage brigandage. Your plan is not a good one.”

Liu Bei replied, “Not to let brigands surrender is well. But the city is surrounded as by an iron barrel. If the rebels' request be refused, they will be desperate and fight to the death, and we can hardly withstood a myriad of such men. Moreover, in the city there are many times that number, all doomed to death. Let us withdraw from one corner and only attack the opposite. They will all assuredly flee and have no desire to fight. We shall take them.”

Zhu Jun saw that the advice was good and followed it. As predicted the rebels ran out, led by Han Zhong. The besiegers fell upon them as they fled, and Han Zhong was slain. The rebels scattered in all directions. But the other two rebel chieftains, Zhao Hong and Sun Zhong, came with large reinforcements, and as they appeared very strong, the imperial soldiers retired, and the new body of rebels reentered Wancheng.

Zhu Jun encamped three miles from the city and prepared to attack. Just then there arrived a body of horse and foot from the east. At the lead was one general with a broad open face, a body as an alert tiger's, and a torso as a lofty bear's. His name was Sun Jian. He was a native of Fuchun in the old state of Wu, a descendant of the famous Sun Zi the Strategist.

When he was seventeen, Sun Jian was with his father on the River Qiantang and saw a party of pirates, who had been plundering a merchant, dividing their booty on the river bank.

“We can capture these,” said he to his father.

So, gripping his sword, he ran boldly up the bank and cried out to this side and that as if he was calling his men to come on. This made the pirates believe the soldiers were on them and they fled, leaving their booty behind them. He actually killed one of the pirates. In this way be became known and was recommended for office.

Then, in collaboration with the local officials, he raised a band of one thousand and helped to quell the rebellion of one Xu Chang who called himself the Sun Emperor and had ten thousand supporters. The rebel's son Xu Shao was also slain with his father. For this Sun Jian was commended by Imperial Protector Zang Min in a memorial to the Throne, and he received further promotion to the post of magistrate of Yandu, then of Xuyi, and then of Xiapi.

When the Yellow Scarves rebellion began, Sun Jian gathered together the youths of his village, some of the merchant class, got a troop of one thousand five hundred of veteran soldiers and took the field. Now he had reached the fighting area.

Zhu Jun welcomed Sun Jian gladly and ordered him to attack the south gate of Wancheng. The north and the west gates were simultaneously attacked by Liu Bei and Zhu Jun, but the east gate was left free to give the rebels a chance of exit. Sun Jian was the first to mount the wall and cut down more than twenty rebels with his own sword. The rebels ran, but the leader Zhao Hong rode directly at Sun Jian with his spear ready to thrust. Sun Jian leaped down from the wall, snatched away the spear and with it knocked Zhao Hong from the horse. Then Sun Jian, mounting Zhao Hong's horse, rode hither and thither, slaying as he went.

The rebels fled north. Meeting Liu Bei, they declined to fight and scattered. But Liu Bei drew his bow, fitted an arrow, and shot their leader Sun Zhong, who fell to the ground. The main army of Zhu Jun came up, and after tremendous slaughter, the rebels surrendered. Thus was peace brought to the ten counties about the Nanyang area.

Zhu Jun returned to Capital Luoyang, was promoted to the General of the Flying Cavalry, and received the governorship of Henan. He did not forget those who had helped him to win victory. Thus he reported the merits of Liu Bei and Sun Jian to the Throne.

Sun Jian, having influential friends and connections to support him, quickly got an appointment to a post of Commander of Changsha and went to assume the new office. But Liu Bei, in spite of Zhu Jun's memorial, waited in vain for preferment, and the three brothers became very sad.

Walking along one day in the capital, Liu Bei met a court official, Zhang Jun, to whom he related his services and told his sorrows. Zhang Jun was much surprised at this neglect and one day at court spoke to the Emperor about it.

Said he, “The Yellow Scarves rebelled because the eunuchs sold offices and bartered ranks. There was employment only for their friends, punishment only for their enemies. This led to rebellion. Wherefore it would be well to slay the Ten Eunuchs and expose their heads and proclaim what had been done throughout the whole empire. Then reward the worthy. Thereby the land would be wholly tranquil.”

But the eunuchs fiercely opposed this and said Zhang Jun was insulting the Emperor, and the Emperor bade the guards thrust Zhang Jun out.

However, the eunuchs took counsel together and one said, “Surely some one who rendered some service against rebels resents being passed over.”

So they caused a list of unimportant people to be prepared for preferment by and by. Among them was Liu Bei, who received the post of magistrate of the county of Anxi, to which he proceeded without delay after disbanding his army and sending them home to their villages. He retained two dozens or so as escort.

The three brothers reached Anxi, and soon the administration of the county was so reformed and the rule so wise that in a month there was no law-breaking. The three brothers lived in harmony, eating at the same table and sleeping on the same couch. But when Liu Bei was in public sessions or in company of others, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei would stand in attendance, were it even a whole day.

Four months after their arrival, there came out a general order for the reduction of the number of military officers holding civil posts, and Liu Bei began to fear that he would be among those thrown out. In due course the inspecting official, Du Biao by name, arrived and was met at the boundary; but to the polite obeisance of Liu Bei, he made no return, save a wave of his whip as he sat on his horse. This made Guan Yu and Zhang Fei furious; but worse was to follow.

When the inspector had arrived at his lodging, he took his seat on the dais, leaving Liu Bei standing below. After a long time he addressed Liu Bei.

“Magistrate, what was your origin?”

Liu Bei replied, “I am descended from Prince Faubus of Zhongshan. Since my first fight with the Yellow Scarves rebels at Zhuo County, I have been in some thirty battles, wherein I gained some trifling merit. My reward was this office.”

“You lie about your descent, and your statement of services is false,” roared the inspector. “Now the court has ordered the reduction of your sort of low class and corrupt officials.”

Liu Bei muttered to himself and withdrew. On his return to the magistracy, he took council with his secretaries.

“This pompous attitude only means the inspector wants a bribe,” said they.

“I have never wronged the people to the value of a single coin; then where is a bribe to come from?” Next day the inspector had the minor officials before him and forced them to bear witness that their master had oppressed the people. Liu Bei time after time went to rebut this charge, but the doorkeepers drove him away and he could not enter.

Now Zhang Fei had been all day drowning his sorrow in wine and had drunk far too much. Calling for his horse he rode out past the lodging of the inspector, and at the gate saw a small crowd of white-haired people weeping bitterly. He asked why.

They said, “The inspector has compelled the underlings to bear false witness against our magistrate, with the desire to injure the virtuous Liu Bei. We came to beg mercy for him but are not permitted to enter. Moreover, we have been beaten by the doorkeepers.”

This provoked the irascible and half intoxicated Zhang Fei to fury. His eyes opened wide until they became circles; he ground his teeth; in a moment he was off his steed, had forced his way past the scared doorkeepers into the building, and was in the rear apartments. There he saw Imperial Inspector Du Biao sitting on high with the official underlings in bonds at his feet.

“Oppressor of the people, robber!” cried Zhang Fei. “Do you know me?”

But before the inspector could reply, Zhang Fei had had him by the hair and had dragged him down. Another moment he was outside and firmly lashed to the hitching post in front of the building. Then breaking off a switch from a willow tree, Zhang Fei gave his victim a severe thrashing, only staying his hand when the tenth switch was too short to strike with.

Liu Bei was sitting alone, communing with his sorrow, when he heard a shouting before his door. He asked what the matter was.

They told him, “General Zhang Fei had bound somebody to a post and was thrashing him.”

Hastily going outside, Liu Bei saw who the unhappy victim was and asked Zhang Fei the reason.

“If we do not beat this sort of wretch to death, what may we expect?” said Zhang Fei.

“Noble Sir, save me,” cried the inspector.

Now Liu Bei had always been kindly and gracious, wherefore he bade his brother release the officer and go his way.

Then Guan Yu came up saying, “Brother, after your magnificent services you only got this petty post, and even here you have been insulted by this fellow. A thorn bush is no place for a phoenix. Let us slay this fellow, leave here, and go home till we can evolve a bigger scheme.”

Liu Bei contented himself with hanging the official seal about the inspector's neck, saying, “If I hear that you injure the people, I will assuredly kill you. I now spare your life, and I return to you the seal. We are going.”

The inspector went to the governor of Dingzhou and complained, and orders were issued for the arrest of the brothers, but they got away to Daizhou and sought refuge with Liu Hui, who sheltered them because of Liu Bei's noble birth.

By this time the Ten Regular Attendants had everything in their hands, and they put to death all who did not stand in with them. From every officer who had helped to put down the rebels they demanded presents; and if these were not forthcoming, he was removed from office. Imperial Commanders Huangfu Song and Zhu Jun both fell victims to these intrigues and were deprived from offices, while on the other hand the eunuchs received the highest honors. Thirteen eunuchs were ennobled, including Zhao Zhong who was added to the rank of General of the Flying Cavalry. The government grew worse and worse, and every one was irritated.

Rebellions broke out in Changsha led by Ou Xing, and in Yuyang led by Zhang Ju and Zhang Chun . Memorials were sent up in number as snow flakes in winter, but the Ten suppressed them all. One day the Emperor was at a feast in one of the gardens with the Ten, when High Counselor Liu Tao suddenly appeared showing very great distress. The Emperor asked what the matter was.

“Sire, how can you be feasting with these when the empire is at the last gasp?” said Liu Tao.

“All is well,” said the Emperor. “Where is anything wrong?”

Said Liu Tao, “Robbers swarm on all sides and plunder the cities. And all is the fault of the Ten Eunuchs who sell offices and injure the people, oppress loyal officials and deceive their superiors. All virtuous ones have left the services, and misfortune is before our very eyes.”

At this the eunuchs pulled off their hats and threw themselves at their master's feet.

“If Minister Liu Tao disapproves of us,” they said, “we are in danger. We pray that our lives be spared and we may go to our farms. We yield our property to help defray military expenses.”

And they wept bitterly. The Emperor turned angrily to Liu Tao, saying, “You also have servants; why can't you bear with mine?”

And thereupon the Emperor called to the guards to eject Liu Tao and put him to death.

Liu Tao cried aloud, “My death matters nothing. The pity is that Han Dynasty, after four centuries of reign, is falling fast.”

The guards hustled him away and were just about to carry out the Emperor's order when a minister stopped them, shouting, “Strike not! Wait till I have spoken with His Majesty.”

It was the Minister of the Interior, Chen Dan. He went in to the Emperor, to whom he said, “For what fault is Counselor Liu Tao to be put to death?”

“He has vilified my servants; and has insulted me,” said the Emperor.

“All the empire would eat the flesh of the eunuchs if they could, and yet, Sire, you respect them as if they were your parents. They have no merit, but they are created nobles. Moreover, Feng Xu was in league with the Yellow Scarves. Unless Your Majesty looks to it, the state will crumble!”

“There was no proof against Feng Xu,” replied the Emperor. “About the Ten Eunuchs, are there none faithful among them?”

Chen Dan beat his forehead on the steps of the throne and did not desist from remonstrance. Then the Emperor grew angry and commanded his removal and imprisonment with Liu Tao. That night Liu Tao and Chen Dan were murdered.

Then the eunuchs sent a forged edict to Sun Jian making him Governor of Changsha, with orders to suppress the rebellion of Ou Xing. In less than two months Sun Jian reported the county all tranquil. For this he was created Lord of Wucheng.

Further, Liu Yu was made Imperial Protector of Youzhou to move against Yuyang and suppress Zhang Ju and Zhang Chun. Liu Hui of Daizhou recommended Liu Bei to Liu Yu. Liu Yu welcomed Liu Bei and gave him rank of commander and sent him against the rebels. He fought with and worsted them and entirely broke their spirit. Zhang Chun was cruel, and his leaders turned against him. One of his officers then slew him and brought in his head, after which the others submitted. The other leader Zhang Ju saw that all was lost and killed himself.

Yuyang being now tranquil, Liu Bei's services were reported to the Throne, and he received full pardon for the insult to the imperial inspector. He also became Magistrate Deputy of Micheng. Then Gongsun Zan praised Liu Bei's former services, and he was promoted to Magistrate of Pingyuan. This place was very prosperous, and Liu Bei recovered something of his old manner before the days of adversity. Liu Yu also received preferment and was promoted to Grand Commander.

In the summer of the six year of Central Stability (AD 189), Emperor Ling became seriously ill and summoned He Jin into the palace to arrange for the future. He Jin had sprung from a humble family of butchers, but his sister had become a concubine of rank and borne a son to the Emperor, named Bian Liu. After this she became Empress He, and He Jin became the powerful Imperial Guardian and Regent Marshal.

The Emperor had also greatly loved a beautiful girl, Lady Wang, who had borne him a son named Liu Xian. Empress He had poisoned Lady Wang from jealousy, and the baby had been given into the care of Empress Dong, who was the mother of Emperor Ling. Lady Dong was the wife of Liu Chang, Lord of Jiedu. As time went on and the Emperor Huan had no son of his own, he adopted the son of Liu Chang, who succeeded as the Emperor Ling. After his accession, Emperor Ling had taken his own mother into the palace to live and had conferred upon her the title of Empress Dowager.

Empress Dong had always tried to persuade her son to name Liu Xian as the Heir Apparent, and in fact the Emperor greatly loved the boy and was disposed to do as his mother desired. When he fell ill, one of the eunuchs, Jian Shuo, said, “If Liu Xian is to succeed, He Jin must be killed to prevent countermoves.”

The Emperor saw this too and commanded Imperial Guardian He Jin to come to him.

But at the very gates of the palace, He Jin was warned of his danger by Commander Pan Yin who said, “This must be a trap of Jian Shuo to destroy you.”

He Jin rushed back to his quarters and called many of the ministers to his side, and they met to consider how to put the eunuchs to death.

At this assembly a man spoke against the plot, “The influence of the eunuchs dates back half a century and has spread like a noxious weed in all directions. How can we hope to destroy it? Above all keep this plot secret or you will be exterminated.”

He Jin eyed down and saw General of Military Standards Cao Cao. He Jin was very angry at this speech and cried, “What do inferiors like you know of the ways of government?”

And in the midst of the confusion Pan Yin came to say: “The Emperor is no more. The eunuchs have decided to keep the death a secret and forge a command to the Imperial Guardian to come into the palace to settle the succession. Meanwhile to prevent trouble they have inscribed the name of Liu Xian on the roll.”

And as Pan Yin finished speaking, the edict arrived.

“The matter for the moment is to set up the rightful heir,” said Cao Cao. “The other affairs can wait.”

“Who dares to join me in supporting the rightful heir—Prince Bian Liu?” asked He Jin, the Imperial Guardian.

At once one stood forward saying, “Give me five thousand veterans, and we will break into the palace, set up the true heir, slay the eunuchs, and sweep clean the government. Then peace will come to the empire.”

The energetic speaker was Yuan Shao, son of the former Minister of the Interior Yuan Feng and nephew of Minister Yuan Wei. Yuan Shao then held the rank of Imperial Commander.

He Jin mustered five thousand royal guards. Yuan Shao put on complete armor and took command. He Jin, supported by He Yu, Xun You, Zheng Tai, and more than thirty other ministers and high-rank officials, went into the palace; and in the hall where lay the coffin of the late Emperor they placed Bian Liu on the throne. After the ceremony was over and all had bowed before the new Emperor, Yuan Shao went in to arrest Eunuch Jian Shuo. Jian Shuo in terror fled into the palace garden and hid among the shrubs, where he was discovered and murdered by Guo Sheng, one of the Ten Eunuchs. The guards under Jian Shuo's command all surrendered.

Yuan Shao said, “Their gangs have broken; the most opportune moment is now to slay all the eunuchs.”

But Zhang Rang and the eunuchs of the Ten scented the danger and rushed to see Empress He.

They said, “The originator of the plan to injure your brother was Jian Shuo; only he was concerned and no other. Now the Imperial Guardian, on Yuan Shao's advice, wishes to slay every one of us. We implore your pity, O Your Majesty.”

“Fear not,” said Empress He, whose son had just become Emperor, “I will protect you.”

She sent for her brother, and said, “You and I are of lowly origin, and we owe our good fortune to the eunuchs. The misguided Jian Shuo is now dead, and need you really put all the others to death as Yuan Shao advises?”

And He Jin obeyed her wish. He explained to his party, saying, “The real offender, Jian Shuo, has met his fate, and his clan will be punished. But we need not exterminate the whole party nor injure his colleagues.”

“Slay them, root and branch,” cried Yuan Shao, “or they will ruin you!”

“I have decided;” said He Jin, coldly, “say no more.”

Within a few days He Jin became Chair of the Secretariat, and his associates received high offices.

Now Empress Dong summoned the eunuch Zhang Rang and his party to a council.

Said she, “It was I who first brought forward the sister of He Jin. Today her son is on the throne, and all the officials are her friends, and her influence is enormous. What can we do?”

Zhang Rang replied, “Your Highness should administer the state from 'behind the veil.' create the late Emperor's son Liu Xian a prince; give your brother, the Imperial Uncle Dong Chong, a high rank, and place him over the army; and use us. That will do it.”

Empress Dong approved. Next day she held a court and issued an edict in the sense proposed. She made Liu Xian Prince of Chenliu and Dong Chong General of the Flying Cavalry, and she allowed the eunuchs again to participate state affairs.

When Empress He saw this, she prepared a banquet to which she invited her rival Empress Dong. In the middle of the feast, when all were well warmed with wine, Empress He rose and offered a cup to her guest saying, “It is not fitting that we two should meddle in state affairs. In the beginning of the Han Dynasty, when Empress Lu laid hands upon the government, all her clans were put to death. We ought to remain content, immured in our palaces, and leave state affairs to the state officials. That would be well for the country, and I trust you will act thus.”

But Empress Dong only got angry, saying, “You poisoned Lady Wang out of jealousy. Now, relying upon the fact that your son sits on the throne and that your brother is powerful, you speak these wild words. I will command that your brother be beheaded, and that can be done as easily as I turn my hand.”

Empress He in her turn waxed wroth and said, “I tried to persuade you with fair words; why get so angry?”

“You low born daughter of a butcher, what do you know of offices?” cried Empress Dong.

And the quarrel waxed hot.

The eunuchs persuaded the ladies to retire. But in the night Empress He summoned her brother into the palace and told him what had occurred. He went out and took counsel with the principal officers of state. Next morning a court was held and a memorial was presented, saying:

“Empress Dong, being the foster mother of Liu Xian, Prince of Chenliu, a regional prince—only a collateral—cannot properly occupy any part of the Palace. She is to be removed into her original fief of Hejian and is to depart immediately.”

And while they sent an escort to remove Empress Dong, a strong guard was placed about the Imperial Uncle Dong Chong's dwelling. They took away his seal of office and he, knowing this was the end, killed himself in his private apartments. His dependents, who wailed his death, were driven off by the guards.

The eunuchs Zhang Rang and Duan Gui, having lost their patroness, sent large gifts to He Jin's younger brother, He Miao, and his mother, Lady Wuyang, and thus got them to put in a good word to Empress He so as to gain her protection. And so they gained favor once more at court.

In the sixth month of that year, the secret emissaries of He Jin poisoned Empress Dong in her residence in the country. Her remains were brought to the capital and buried in Wen Tombs. He Jin feigned illness and did not attend the funeral.

Commander Yuan Shao went one day to see He Jin, saying, “The two eunuchs, Zhang Rang and Duan Gui, are spreading the report outside that you has caused the death of the late empress and is aiming at the throne. This is an excuse for you to destroy them. Do not spare them this time, or you will pay like Dou Wu and Chen Fan, who in the previous reign missed their chance because the secret had not been kept, and they paid by their own deaths. Now you and your brother have many commanders and officers behind, so that the destruction of the eunuchs can be but an ease. It is a heaven-sent opportunity. Delay no further!”

But He Jin replied, “Let me think it over.”

He Jin's servants overheard the discussion and secretly informed the intended victims, who sent further gifts to the younger brother He Miao. Corrupted by these, he went in to speak with his sister Empress He and said, “The General is the chief support of the new Emperor, yet he is not gracious and merciful but thinks wholly of slaughter. If he slays the eunuchs without cause, it may bring about revolution.”

Soon after He Jin entered and told her of his design to put the eunuchs to death. She argued with him, “Those officials look after palace affairs and are old servants. To kill the old servants just after the death of their master would appear disrespectful to the dynasty's ancestral temple.”

And as He Jin was of a vacillating mind, he murmured assent and left her.

“What about it?” said Yuan Shao on meeting him.

“She will not consent; what can be done?”

“Call up an army and slay them; it is imperative. Never mind her consent.”

“That is an excellent plan,” said He Jin. And he sent orders all round to march soldiers to the capital.

But Counselor Chen Lin objected, “Nay; do not act blindly. The proverb says 'To cover the eyes and snatch at swallows is to fool oneself.' If in so small a matter you cannot attain your wish with covered eyes, what of great affairs? Now by virtue of the imperial prestige and with the army under your hand you may do as you please. To use such enormous powers against the eunuchs would resemble lighting up a furnace to burn a hair. But act promptly; use your powers and smite at once, and all the empire will be with you. But to summon forces to the capital, to gather many bold persons into one spot, each with one's own schemes, is to turn our weapons against our own person, to place ourselves in the power of another. Nothing but failure can come of it, nothing but confusion.”

“The view of a mere book-worm,” said He Jin with a smile.

Then one of those about He Jin suddenly clapped his hands, laughing, “Solving this issue is as easy as turning over one's hand! Why so much talk?”

The speaker was Cao Cao.

Wouldst thou withdraw wicked people from thy prince's side

Then seek counsel of the wise people of the state.

What Cao Cao said will be disclosed in later chapters.