第九十七回

第九十七回 讨魏国武侯再上表 破曹兵姜维诈献书

却说蜀汉建兴六年秋九月，魏都督曹休被东吴陆逊大破于石亭，车仗马匹，军资器械，并皆罄尽。休惶恐之甚，气忧成病，到洛阳，疽发背而死。魏主曹睿敕令厚葬。司马懿引兵还，众将接入问曰：“曹都督兵败，即元帅之干系，何故急回耶？”懿曰：“吾料诸葛亮知吾兵败，必乘虚来取长安。倘陇西紧急，何人救之？吾故回耳。”众皆以为惧怯，哂笑而退。

却说东吴遣使致书蜀中，请兵伐魏，并言大破曹休之事：一者显自己威风，二者通和会之好。后主大喜，令人持书至汉中，报知孔明。时孔明兵强马壮，粮草丰足，所用之物，一切完备，正要出师。听知此信，即设宴大会诸将，计议出师。忽一阵大风，自东北角上而起，把庭前松树吹折。众皆大惊。孔明就占一课，曰：“此风主损一大将！”诸将未信。正饮酒间，忽报镇南将军赵云长子赵统、次子赵广，来见丞相。孔明大惊，掷杯于地曰：“子龙休矣！”二子入见，拜哭曰：“某父昨夜三更病重而死。”孔明跌足而哭曰：“子龙身故，国家损一栋梁，吾去一臂也！”众将无不挥涕。孔明令二子入成都面君报丧。后主闻云死，放声大哭曰：“朕昔年幼，非子龙则死于乱军之中矣！”即下诏追赠大将军，谥封顺平侯，敕葬于成都锦屏山之东，建立庙堂，四时享祭。后人有诗曰：

常山有虎将，智勇匹关张。汉水功勋在，当阳姓字彰。两番扶幼主，一念答先皇。青史书忠烈，应流百世芳。

却说后主思念赵云昔日之功，祭葬甚厚，封赵统为虎贲中郎，赵广为牙门将，就令守坟。二人辞谢而去。忽近臣奏曰：“诸葛丞相将军马分拨已定，即日将出师伐魏。”后主问在朝诸臣，诸臣多言未可轻动，后主疑虑未决。忽奏丞相令杨仪赍出师表至，后主宣入，仪呈上表章。后主就御案上拆视，其表曰：

先帝虑汉、贼不两立，王业不偏安，故托臣以讨贼也。以先帝之明，量臣之才，故知臣伐贼，才弱敌强也。然不伐贼，王业亦亡。惟坐而待亡，孰与伐之？是故托臣而弗疑也。臣受命之日，寝不安席，食不甘味，思惟北征，宜先入南。故五月渡泸，深入不毛，并日而食。臣非不自惜也，顾王业不可偏安于蜀都。故冒危难以奉先帝之遗意，而议者谓为非计。今贼适疲于西，又务于东，兵法“乘劳”：此进趋之时也。谨陈其事如左：

高帝明并日月，谋臣渊深，然涉险被创，危然后安；今陛下未及高帝，谋臣不如良、平，而欲以长策取胜，坐定天下：此臣之未解一也。刘繇、王朗，各据州郡，论安言计，动引圣人，群疑满腹，众难塞胸；今岁不战，明年不征，使孙权坐大，遂并江东：此臣之未解二也。曹操智计，殊绝于人，其用兵也仿佛孙、吴，然困于南阳，险于乌巢，危于祁连，逼于黎阳，几败北山，殆死潼关，然后伪定一时耳；况臣才弱，而欲以不危而定之：此臣之未解三也。曹操五攻昌霸不下，四越巢湖不成，任用李服而李服图之，委任夏侯而夏侯败亡，先帝每称操为能，犹有此失；况臣驽下，何能必胜：此臣之未解四也。自臣到汉中，中间期年耳，然丧赵云、阳群、马玉、阎芝、丁立、白寿、刘郃、邓铜等，及曲长屯将七十馀人，突将无前，、叟、青羌，散骑武骑一千馀人，此皆数十年之内，所纠合四方之精锐，非一州之所有；若复数年，则损三分之二也，当何以图敌：此臣之未解五也。今民穷兵疲，而事不可息，事不可息，则住与行劳费正等；而不及今图之，欲以一州之地与贼持久：此臣之未解六也。

夫难平者，事也。昔先帝败军于楚，当此之时，曹操拊手，谓天下已定。然后先帝东连吴、越，西取巴、蜀，举兵北征，夏侯授首：此操之失计，而汉事将成也。然后吴更违盟，关羽毁败，秭归蹉跌，曹丕称帝：凡事如是，难可逆见。臣鞠躬尽瘁，死而后已，至于成败利钝，非臣之明所能逆睹也。

后主览表甚喜，即敕令孔明出师。孔明受命，起三十万精兵，令魏延总督前部先锋，径奔陈仓道口而来。

早有细作报入洛阳。司马懿奏知魏主，大会文武商议。大将军曹真出班奏曰：“臣昨守陇西，功微罪大，不胜惶恐。今乞引大军往擒诸葛亮。臣近得一员大将，使六十斤大刀，骑千里征马，开两石铁胎弓，暗藏三个流星锤，百发百中，有万夫不当之勇，乃陇西狄道人，姓王，名双，字子全。臣保此人为先锋。”睿大喜，便召王双上殿。视之，身长九尺，面黑睛黄，熊腰虎背。睿笑曰：“朕得此大将，有何虑哉！”遂赐锦袍金甲，封为虎威将军、前部大先锋。曹真为大都督。真谢恩出朝，遂引十五万精兵，会合郭淮、张郃，分道守把隘口。

却说蜀兵前队哨至陈仓，回报孔明，说：“陈仓口已筑起一城，内有大将郝昭守把，深沟高垒，遍排鹿角，十分谨严。不如弃了此城，从太白岭鸟道出祁山甚便。”孔明曰：“陈仓正北是街亭，必得此城，方可进兵。”命魏延引兵到城下，四面攻之，连日不能破。魏延复来告孔明，说城难打。孔明大怒，欲斩魏延。忽帐下一人告曰：“某虽无才，随丞相多年，未尝报效。愿去陈仓城中，说郝昭来降，不用张弓只箭。”众视之，乃部曲靳祥也。孔明曰：“汝用何言以说之？”祥曰：“郝昭与某，同是陇西人氏，自幼交契。某今到彼，以利害说之，必来降矣。”孔明即令前去。靳祥骤马径到城下叫曰：“郝伯道故人靳祥来见。”城上人报知郝昭。昭令开门放入，登城相见。昭问曰：“故人因何到此？”祥曰：“吾在西蜀孔明帐下，参赞军机，待以上宾之礼。特令某来见公，有言相告。”昭勃然变色曰：“诸葛亮乃我国仇敌也！吾事魏，汝事蜀，各事其主。昔时为昆仲，今时为仇敌！汝再不必多言，便请出城！”靳祥又欲开言，郝昭已出敌楼上了。魏军急催上马，赶出城外。祥回头视之，见昭倚定护心木栏杆。祥勒马以鞭指之曰：“伯道贤弟，何太情薄耶？”昭曰：“魏国法度，兄所知也。吾受国恩，但有死而已，兄不必下说词。早回见诸葛亮，教快来攻城，吾不惧也！”祥回告孔明曰：“郝昭未等某开言，便先阻却。”孔明曰：“汝可再去见他，以利害说之。”祥又到城下，请郝昭相见。昭出到敌楼上，祥勒马高叫曰：“伯道贤弟，听吾忠言：汝据守一孤城，怎拒数十万之众？今不早降，后悔无及！且不顺大汉而事奸魏，抑何不知天命、不辨清浊乎？愿伯道思之。”郝昭大怒，拈弓搭箭，指靳祥而喝曰：“吾前言已定，汝不必再言！可速退！吾不射汝！”

靳祥回见孔明，具言郝昭如此光景。孔明大怒曰：“匹夫无礼太甚！岂欺吾无攻城之具耶？”随叫土人问曰：“陈仓城中，有多少人马？”土人告曰：“虽不知的数，约有三千人。”孔明笑曰：“量此小城，安能御我！休等他救兵到，火速攻之！”于是军中起百乘云梯，一乘上可立十数人，周围用木板遮护。军士各把短梯软索，听军中擂鼓，一齐上城。郝昭在敌楼上，望见蜀兵装起云梯，四面而来，即令三千军各执火箭，分布四面，待云梯近城，一齐射之。孔明只道城中无备，故大造云梯，令三军鼓噪呐喊而进，不期城上火箭齐发，云梯尽着，梯上军士多被烧死。城上矢石如雨，蜀兵皆退。孔明大怒曰：“汝烧吾云梯，吾却用‘冲车’之法！”于是连夜安排下冲车。次日，又四面鼓噪呐喊而进。郝昭急命运石凿眼，用葛绳穿定飞打，冲车皆被打折。孔明又令人运土填城壕，教廖化引三千锹军，从夜间掘地道，暗入城去。郝昭又于城中掘重壕横截之。如此昼夜相攻，二十馀日，无计可破。孔明正在营中忧闷，忽报：“东边救兵到了，旗上书：‘魏先锋大将王双’。”孔明问曰：“谁可迎之？”魏延出曰：“某愿往。”孔明曰：“汝乃先锋大将，未可轻出。”又问：“谁敢迎之？”裨将谢雄应声而出。孔明与三千军去了。孔明又问曰：“谁敢再去？”裨将龚起应声要去。孔明亦与三千兵去了。孔明恐城内郝昭引兵冲出，乃把人马退二十里下寨。

却说谢雄引军前行，正遇王双，战不三合，被双一刀劈死。蜀兵败走，双随后赶来。龚起接着，交马只三合，亦被双所斩。败兵回报孔明。孔明大惊，忙令廖化、王平、张嶷三人出迎。两阵对圆，张嶷出马，王平、廖化压住阵角。王双纵马来与张嶷交马，数合不分胜负。双诈败便走，嶷随后赶去。王平见张嶷中计，忙叫曰：“休赶！”嶷急回马时，王双流星锤早到，正中其背。嶷伏鞍而走，双回马赶来。王平、廖化截住，救得张嶷回阵。王双驱兵大杀一阵，蜀兵折伤甚多。嶷吐血数口，回见孔明，说：“王双英雄无敌，如今将二万兵就陈仓城外下寨，四围立起排栅，筑起重城，深挖壕堑，守御甚严。”孔明见折二将，张嶷又被打伤，即唤姜维曰：“陈仓道口这条路不可行。别求何策？”维曰：“陈仓城池坚固，郝昭守御甚密，又得王双相助，实不可取。不若令一大将，依山傍水，下寨固守，再令良将守把要道，以防街亭之攻，却统大军去袭祁山，某却如此如此用计，可捉曹真也。”孔明从其言，即令王平、李恢，引二枝兵守街亭小路，魏延引一军守陈仓口。马岱为先锋，关兴、张苞为前后救应使，从小径出斜谷望祁山进发。

却说曹真因思前番被司马懿夺了功劳，因此到洛阳分调郭淮、孙礼东西守把，又听的陈仓告急，已令王双去救。闻知王双斩将立功，大喜，乃令中护军大将费耀，权摄前部总督，诸将各自守把隘口。忽报山谷中捉得细作来见，曹真令押入，跪于帐前。其人告曰：“小人不是奸细，有机密来见都督，误被伏路军捉来。乞退左右。”真乃教去其缚，左右暂退。其人曰：“小人乃姜伯约心腹人也。蒙本官遣送密书。”真曰：“书安在？”其人于贴肉衣内取出呈上，真拆视曰：

罪将姜维百拜，书呈大都督曹麾下：维念世食魏禄，忝守边城，叨窃厚恩，无门补报。昨日误遭诸葛亮之计，陷身于巅崖之中。思念旧国，何日忘之！今幸蜀兵西出，诸葛亮甚不相疑。赖都督亲提大兵而来，如遇敌人，可以诈败，维当在后，以举火为号，先烧蜀人粮草，却以大兵翻身掩之，则诸葛亮可擒也。非敢立功报国，实欲自赎前罪。倘蒙照察，速赐来命。

曹真看毕大喜，曰：“天使吾成功也！”遂重赏来人，便令回报，依期会合。真唤费耀商议曰：“今姜维暗献密书，令吾如此如此。”耀曰：“诸葛亮多谋，姜维智广，或者是诸葛亮所使，恐其中有诈。”真曰：“他原是魏人，不得已而降蜀，又何疑乎？”耀曰：“都督不可轻去，只守定本寨，某愿引一军接应姜维。如成功，尽归都督，倘有奸计，某自支当。”真大喜，遂令费耀引五万兵，望斜谷而进。行了两三程，屯下军马，令人哨探。当日申时分，回报：“斜谷道中，有蜀兵来也。”耀忙催兵进，蜀兵未及交战先退，耀引兵追之。蜀兵又来，方欲对阵，蜀兵又退。如此者三次，俄延至次日申时分。魏军一日一夜，不曾敢歇，只恐蜀兵攻击。方欲屯军造饭，忽然四面喊声大震，鼓角齐鸣，蜀兵漫山遍野而来。门旗开处，闪出一辆四轮车，孔明端坐其中，令人请魏军主将答话。耀纵马而出，遥见孔明，心中暗喜，回顾左右曰：“如蜀兵掩至，便退后走。若见山后火起，却回身杀去，自有兵来相应。”分付毕，跃马出呼曰：“前者败将，今何敢又来！”孔明曰：“唤汝曹真来答话！”耀骂曰：“曹都督乃金枝玉叶，安肯与反贼相见耶！”孔明大怒，把羽扇一招，左有马岱，右有张嶷，两路兵冲出。魏兵便退。行不到三十里，望见蜀兵背后火起，喊声不绝。费耀只道号火，便回身杀来，蜀兵齐退。耀提刀在前，只望喊处追赶。将次近火，山路中鼓角喧天，喊声震地，两军杀出：左有关兴，右有张苞。山上矢石如雨，往下射来，魏兵大败。费耀知是中计，急退军望山谷中而走，人马困乏。背后关兴引生力军赶来，魏兵自相践踏及落涧身死者，不知其数。耀逃命而走，正遇山坡口一彪军，乃是姜维。耀大骂曰：“反贼无信！吾不幸误中汝奸计也！”维笑曰：“吾欲擒曹真，误赚汝矣！速下马受降！”耀骤马夺路，望山谷中而走。忽见谷口火光冲天，背后追兵又至。耀自刎身死，馀众尽降。孔明连夜驱兵，直出祁山前下寨，收住军马，重赏姜维。维曰：“某恨不得杀曹真也！”孔明亦曰：“可惜大计小用矣。”

却说曹真听知折了费耀，悔之不及，遂与郭淮商议退兵之策。于是孙礼、辛毗星夜具表申奏魏主，言蜀兵又出祁山，曹真损兵折将，势甚危急。睿大惊，即召司马懿入内曰：“曹真损兵折将，蜀兵又出祁山。卿有何策，可以退之？”懿曰：“臣已有退诸葛亮之计。不用魏军扬武耀威，蜀兵自然走矣。”正是：已见子丹无胜术，全凭仲达有良谋。未知其计如何，且看下文分解。

CHAPTER 97. Sending A Second Memorial, Zhuge Liang Renews The Attack On Wei; Forging A Letter, Jiang Wei Defeats The Northern Army.

It was in the autumn of the sixth year of Beginning Prosperity (AD 229) that the Wei army was defeated, with very great loss, by Lu Xun of Wu. Cao Xiu's mortification brought on an illness from which he died in Luoyang. By command of Cao Rui, the Ruler of Wei, Cao Xiu received most honorable burial.

Then Sima Yi brought the army home again. The other officers went to welcome him and asked, “The defeat of Commander Cao Xiu is also partly yours. Why, O General, did you hurry home?”

Sima Yi replied, “I came for reasons of strategy, because of Zhuge Liang's probable intentions. If he knows I have suffered a defeat, he may try to attack Changan. The whole west would be helpless if I did not return.”

They listened and smiled; for they thought he was afraid.

Letters from Wu came to Shu proposing a joint attack on Wei and detailing their recent victory. In these letters two feelings were gratified—that of telling the story of their own grandeur and prowess, and furthering the design of a treaty of peace. The Latter Ruler was pleased and sent the letters to Zhuge Liang in Hanzhong.

At that time the army was in excellent state, the soldiers hardy, the horses strong. There were plentiful supplies of all kinds. Zhuge Liang was just going to propose a new war.

On receipt of the letter he made a great banquet to discuss an expedition. A severe gale came on from the northeast and brought down a fir tree in front of the general's shelter. It was an inauspicious omen to all the officers, and they were troubled.

Zhuge Liang cast lots to know what portent was intended, and announced, “That gale signals the loss of a great leader.”

They hardly believed him. But before the banquet ended, two sons of Zhao Yun, Zhao Tong and Zhao Guang, came and wished to see the Prime Minister.

Zhuge Liang, deeply affected, threw aside his wine cup and cried, “That is it; Zhao Yun is gone.”

When the two young men came in, they prostrated themselves and wept, saying, “Our father died the night before at the third watch.”

Zhuge Liang staggered and burst into lamentation.

“My friend is gone; the country has lost it great beam and I my right arm.”

Those about him joined in, wiping away their tears. Zhuge Liang bade the two young men go in person to Chengdu to bear the sad tidings to the Emperor. And the Latter Ruler wept bitterly.

“Zhao Yun was my savior and friend; he saved my life when I was a child in the time of great confusion,” cried the Latter Ruler.

An edict was issued creating Zhao Yun Regent Marshal and Lord of Shunping and permitting burial on the east of Silky Hills. A temple was ordered to his memory and sacrifices were offered in four seasons.

From Changshan came a general, tiger-bold,

In wit and valor he was fitting mate

For Guan Yu and Zhang Fei, his exploits rivaling

Even theirs. River Han and Dangyang recall

His name. Twice in his stalwart arms he bore

The prince, his well-loved leader's son and heir.

In storied page his name stands out, writ large.

Fair record of most brave and loyal deeds.

The Latter Ruler showed his affectionate gratitude to the late leader, not only in according him most honorable burial, but in kindness to his sons. The elder, Zhao Tong, was made General in the Tiger Army and the younger, Zhao Guang, Station General. He also set guards over the tomb.

When the two sons had left, the ministers reported to the Latter Ruler: “The dispositions of the army are complete, and the Prime Minister proposes to march against Wei without delay.”

Talking this over with one and another, the Latter Ruler found the courtiers much inclined to a cautious policy and somewhat fearful. And the doubts entered into the Latter Ruler's mind so that he could not decide. Then came a memorial from Zhuge Liang, and the messenger, Yang Yi, was called into the presence and gave it to the Latter Ruler. The Emperor spread it on the imperial table and read:

“The First Ruler was anxious lest the rebels should set up a rival empire and the legitimate Ruler's domain be restricted. Wherefore he laid upon me, thy minister, to destroy them. Measuring my powers by his perspicacity, he knew that I should attack and oppose my talents, inadequate as they might be, to their strength, for, if I did not, the royal domain would be destroyed. It was a question whether to await destruction without effort, or to attack? Wherefore he assigned me the task confidently. Thenceforward this task occupied all my thoughts.

“Considering that the south should be made secure before the north could be attacked, I braved the heat of summer and plunged deep into the wilds of the Mang nations. Sparing not myself nor regarding privation, urged by the one consideration, that the royal domain should not be confined to the capital of Shu, I faced dangers in obedience to the First Ruler's behest. But there are critics who may say that I failed. Now the rebels have been weakened in the west and have become involved in the east. The rule of war is to take advantage of the enemy's weakness, and so now is the time to attack. I shall discuss the various circumstances in order.

“The enlightenment of the Founder of the Hans, Liu Bang, rivaled the glory of the sun and moon; his counselors were profound as the ocean abyss. Nevertheless, he trod a hazardous path and suffered losses, only attaining repose after passing through great dangers. Your Majesty does not reach his level, nor do your counselors equal Zhang Liang and Chen Ping. Yet while we desired victory, we would sit idle, waiting till the empire should become settled. This attitude is beyond my comprehension.

“Imperial Protector Liu Yao and Governor Wang Lang each occupied a territory. They passed their time in talking of tranquillity and discussing plans, quoting the sayings of the sages till they were filled with doubts and obsessed with difficulties. So this year was not the time to fight, nor next year the season to punish, and, thus talking, it came about that Sun Ce grew powerful and possessed himself of all the South Land. This sort of behavior I cannot understand. “In craft Cao Cao surpassed all humans. He could wield armies like the great strategists of old, Sun Zi and Wu Qi. Yet he was surrounded in Nanyang, was in danger at Wuchao, was in difficulties at Qilian, was hard pressed in Liyang, was nearly defeated at Beishan, and nearly killed at Tong Pass. Yet, after all these experiences, there was a temporary and artificial state of equilibrium. How much less can I, a man of feeble powers, bring about a decision without running risks? I fail to understand.

“Cao Cao failed in five attacks on Changba, and four times crossed Lake Chaohu without success. He employed Li Fu, who betrayed him, and put his trust in Xiahou Yuan, who was defeated and died. The First Ruler always regarded Cao Cao as an able man, and yet Cao Cao made such mistakes. How then can I, in my worn-out condition, necessarily conquer? I do not understand why.

“Only one year has elapsed since I went into Hanzhong, yet we have lost Zhao Yun, Yang Qun, Ma Yu, Yan Zhi, Ding Li, Bo Shou, Liu He, Deng Tong, and others, and leaders of rank and generals of stations, to the number of near eighty, all people unsurpassed in dash and valor, and more than a thousand of the specialized forces of horse and trained cavalry of the Sou and the Tangut tribespeople in the Gobi Desert, whose martial spirit we have fostered these ten years all about us, and not only in one region. If we delay much longer, two-thirds of this will have dissipated, and how then shall we meet the situation? I do not understand delay.

“The people are poor and the army exhausted indeed, and confusion does not cease. If confusion does not cease, then, whether we go on or stand still the drain is the same. Yet it seems that attack should not be made yet! Is it that the rebels are to be allowed to obtain a permanent hold on some territory? I do not understand the arguments.

“A stable condition of affairs is indeed difficult to obtain. Once, when the First Ruler was defeated in Jingzhou, Cao Cao patted himself on the back and said that the empire was settled. Yet, after that, the First Ruler obtained the support of Wu and Yue on the east, took Ba and Shu on the west, and undertook an expedition to the north, wherein Xiahou Yuan lost his life. So Cao Cao calculations proved erroneous, and the affairs of Han seemed about to prosper. But, still later, Wu proved false to pledges, our Guan Yu was defeated, we sustained a check at Zigui—and Cao Pi assumed the imperial style. Such events prove the difficulty of forecast. I shall strive on to the end, but the final result, whether success or failure, whether gain or loss, is beyond my powers to foresee.”

The Latter Ruler was convinced, and by edict directed Zhuge Liang to start on the expedition.

Zhuge Liang marched out with three hundred thousand well-trained soldiers, Wei Yan leading the first division, and made all haste to Chencang.

The news soon reached Luoyang, and Sima Yi informed the Ruler of Wei, who called his council.

Then Cao Zhen stepped forth and said, “I failed to hold Xizhou, and my disgrace is terrible to bear. But now I beg to be given another command that I may capture Zhuge Liang. Lately I have found a stalwart soldier for a leader, a man who wields a ninety-pound sword, rides a swift and savage steed, bends the three-hundred-pound bow, and carries hidden about him when he goes into battle three meteor maces with which his aim is certain. So valorous is he that none dare stand against him. He comes from Didao in Xizhou and is named Wang Shuang. I would recommend him for my leader of the van.”

Cao Rui approved at once and summoned this marvel to the hall. There came a tall man with a dusky complexion, hazel eyes, strong as a bear in the hips and with a back supple as a tiger's.

“No need to fear anything with such a man,” said Cao Rui, laughing. He gave the new hero rich presents, a silken robe and golden breastplate, and gave him the title General Who Possesses the Tiger Majesty. And he became leader of the van of the new army. Cao Zhen was appointed Commander-in-Chief.

Cao Zhen took leave of his master and left the court. He collected his one hundred fifty thousand veterans and, in consultation with Guo Huai and Zhang He, decided upon the strategic points to be guarded.

The first companies of the army of Shu sent out their scouts as far as Chencang. They came back and reported: “A rampart has been built and behind it is a general named Hao Zhao in command. The rampart is very strong and is further defended by thorny barriers. Instead of taking Chencang, which seems difficult, it would be easier to go out to Qishan by the Taibo Mountains, where is a practicable, though winding, road.”

But Zhuge Liang said, “Due north of Chencang is Jieting, so that I must get this city in order to advance.”

Wei Yan was sent to surround Chencang and take it. He went, but days passed without success. Therefore he returned and told his chief the place was impregnable. In his anger, Zhuge Liang was going to put Wei Yan to death, but an officer stepped forth and said, “I have followed the Prime Minister for a long time, but have not achieved worthy service. Now I want to go to Chencang and persuade Hao Zhao to yield; thus, our army does not need to use a single bow or arrow.”

Others turned their attention to Counselor Jin Xiang.

“How do you think you will persuade him?” said Zhuge Liang. “What will you say?”

“Hao Zhao and I are both from Xizhou and pledged friends from boyhood. If I can get to see him, I will so lay matters before him that he must surrender.”

Jin Xiang got permission to try, and rode quickly to the wall of Chencang. Then he called out, “Friend Hao Zhao, your old chum Jin Xiang has come to see you.”

A sentry on the wall told Hao Zhao, who bade them let the visitor enter and bring him up on the wall.

“Friend, why have you come?” asked Hao Zhao.

“I am in the service of Shu, serving under Zhuge Liang as an assistant in the tactical department. I am created exceedingly well, and my chief has sent me to say something to you.”

Hao Zhao was rather annoyed, and said, “Zhuge Liang is my enemy. I serve Wei while you serve Shu. Each serves his own lord. We were brothers once, but now we are enemies; so do not say any more.”

And the visitor was requested to take his leave. Jin Xiang tried to reopen the conversation, but Hao Zhao left him and went up on the tower. The Wei soldiers hurried Jin Xiang on to his horse and led him to the gate. As he passed out, he looked up and saw his friend leaning on the guard rail.

He pulled up his horse, pointed with his whip at Hao Zhao, and said, “My friend and worthy brother, why has your friendship become so thin?”

“Brother, you know the laws of Wei,” replied Hao Zhao. “I have accepted their bounty, and if that leads to death, so be it. Say no more, but return quickly to your master and tell him to come and attack. I am not afraid.” So Jin Xiang had to return and report failure.

“He would not let me begin to explain,” said he.

“Try again,” said Zhuge Liang. “Go and really talk to him.”

So the go-between soon found himself once more at the foot of the wall. Hao Zhao presently appeared on the tower, and Jin Xiang shouted to him, “My worthy brother, please listen to my words while I explain clearly. Here you are holding one single city; how can you think of opposing one hundred thousand troops? If you do not yield, you will be sorry when it is too late. Instead of serving the great Hans, you are serving a depraved country called Wei. Why do you not recognize the decree of Heaven? Why do you not distinguish between the pure and the foul? Think over it.”

Then Hao Zhao began to get really angry. He fitted an arrow to his bow and he called out, “Go! Or I will shoot. I meant what I said at first, and I will say no more.”

Again Jin Xiang returned and reported failure to Zhuge Liang.

“The fool is very ill-mannered,” said Zhuge Liang. “Does he think he can beguile me into sparing the city?”

He called up some of the local people and asked about the forces in the city. They told him about three thousand.

“I do not think such a small place can beat me,” said Zhuge Liang. “Attack quickly before any reinforcements can arrive.”

Thereupon the assailants brought up scaling ladders, upon the platforms of which ten or more men could stand. These were surrounded by planks as protection. The other soldiers had short ladders and ropes, and, at the beat of the drum, they attempted to scale the walls.

But when Hao Zhao saw the ladders being brought up, he made his soldiers shoot fire-arrows at them. Zhuge Liang did not expect this. He knew the city was not well prepared for defense, and he had had the great ladders brought up and bade the soldiers take the wall with a rush. He was greatly chagrined when the fire arrows set his ladders on fire and so many of his soldiers were burned. And as the arrows and stones rained down from the wall, the soldiers of Shu were forced to retire.

Zhuge Liang angrily said, “So you burn my ladders; then I will use battering rams.”

So the rams were brought and placed against the walls and again the signal given for assault. But the defenders brought up great stones suspended by ropes, which they swung down at the battering rams and so broke them to pieces.

Next the besiegers set to work to bring up earth and fill the moat, and Liao Hua led three thousand soldiers to excavate a tunnel under the ramparts. But Hao Zhao cut a counter-trench within the city and turned that device.

So the struggle went on for near a month, and still the city was not taken. Zhuge Liang was very depressed.

That was not all. The scouts reported the coming of a relief force of Wei, the flags of which bore the name of Wang Shuang. Some one had to try to turn him back, and Wei Yan offered himself. “No,” said Zhuge Liang, “you are too valuable as Leader of the Van.”

General Xie Xiong offered his services; they were accepted, and Xie Xiong was given three thousand troops. After he had gone, Zhuge Liang decided to send a second force, and for command of this General Gong Qi volunteered and was accepted. Gong Qi also had three thousand troops.

Then Zhuge Liang feared lest there would be a sortie from the city to aid the relief force just arriving, so he led off the army seven miles and made a camp.

The first body sent against Wang Shuang had no success; Xie Xiong fell almost immediately under Wang Shuang's great sword. The men fled and Wang Shuang pursued, and so came upon Gong Qi, who had come to support his colleague. Gong Qi met a similar fate, being slain in the third bout.

When the defeated parties returned, Zhuge Liang was anxious and called up Liao Hua, Wang Ping, and Zhang Ni to go out to check this Wang Shuang, They went and drew up in formal array, and then Zhang Ni rode to the front. Wang Shuang rode to meet him, and they two fought several bouts. Then Wang Shuang ran away and Zhang Ni followed.

His colleague, Wang Ping, suspected this flight was but a ruse, so he called to Zhang Ni, “Do not follow the fleeing general!”

Wang Shuang then turned and hurled one of his meteor hammers, which hit Zhang Ni in the back, so that he fell forward and lay over the saddle. Wang Shuang rode on to follow up this advantage, but Liao Hua and Wang Ping poured out and checked him. Wang Shuang's whole force then came on and slew many of the troops of Shu.

Zhang Ni was hurt internally and vomited blood at times. He came back and told Zhuge Liang, saying, “Wang Shuang is very terrible and no one can stand up to him. Beside there is a strong camp at the city with double walls and a deep moat.”

Having lost two generals, and a third being wounded, Zhuge Liang called up Jiang Wei and said, “We are stopped this way; can you suggest another road?”

“Yes,” said Jiang Wei, “Chencang is too well protected and, with Hao Zhao as defender and Wang Shuang as supporter, cannot be taken. I would propose to move away to some suitable place and make a strong camp. Then try to hold the roads so that the attack on Jieting may be prevented. Then if you will send a strong force against Qishan, I can do something which will capture Cao Zhen.”

Zhuge Liang agreed. He sent Wang Ping and Li Hui to hold the narrow road to Jieting, and Wei Yan was sent to guard the way from Chencang. And then the army marched out of the Xie Valley by a small road and made for Qishan.

Now Cao Zhen still remembered bitterly that in the last campaign Sima Yi had filched from him the credit he hoped to obtain. So when he received the commission of defending the capitals against the invading forces, he detached Guo Huai and Sun Li and sent them to hold positions east and west. Then he had heard that Chencang was threatened, so had sent Wang Shuang to its relief, and now to his joy he heard of his henchman's success. He placed Grand Commander Fei Yao in command of the van and stationed other generals at strategic and commanding points.

Then they caught a spy. He was taken into the presence of the Commander-in-Chief to be questioned. The man knelt down and said, “I am not really a spy in the bad sense. I was bringing a secret communication for you, Sir, but I was captured by one of the parties in ambush. Pray send away your attendants.”

The man's bonds were loosed and the tent cleared. The captive said, “I am a confidant of Jiang Wei, who has entrusted me with a secret letter.”

“Where is the letter?”

The man took it from among his garments and presented it to Cao Zhen, who read:

“I, Jiang Wei, your guilty general, make a hundred prostrations to the great leader Cao Zhen, now in the field. I have never forgotten that I was in the employment of Wei and disgraced myself; having enjoyed favors, I never repaid them. Lately I have been an unhappy victim of Zhuge Liang's wiles and so fell into the depths. But I never forgot my old allegiance; how could I forget?

“Now happily the army of Shu has gone west, and Zhuge Liang trusts me. I rely upon your leading an army this way. If resistance be met, then you may simulate defeat and retire, but I shall be behind and will make a blaze as signal. Then I shall set fire to their stores, whereupon you will face about and attack. Zhuge Liang ought to fall into your hands. If it be that I cannot render service and repay my debt to the state, then punish me for my former crime.

“If this should be deemed worthy of your attention, then without delay communicate your commands.”

The letter pleased Cao Zhen, and he said, “This is heaven-sent help to aid me in an achievement.”

Cao Zhen rewarded the messenger and bade him return to say that it was accepted. Then he called Fei Yao to his councils and said, “I have just had a secret letter from Jiang Wei telling me to act in a certain fashion.”

But Fei Yao replied, “Zhuge Liang is very crafty, and Jiang Wei is very knowing. If by chance Zhuge Liang has planned all this and sent this man, we may fall into a snare.”

“But Jiang Wei is really a man of Wei; he was forced into surrender. Why are you suspicious?”

“My advice is not to go, but to remain here on guard. Let me go to meet this man, and any service I can accomplish will redound to your credit. And if there be any craft, I can meet it for you.”

Cao Zhen approved this and bade Fei Yao take fifty thousand troops by way of the Xie Valley.

Fei Yao marched away and halted after the second or third stage and send out scouts. This was done, and the scouts reported that the Shu army was coming through the valley. Fei Yao at once advanced, but before the troops of Shu got into contact with him, they retired. Fei Yao pursued. Then the troops of Shu came on again. Just as Fei Yao was forming up for battle, the Shu army retreated again. And these maneuvers were repeated thrice, and a day and a night passed without any repose for the Wei army.

At length rest was imperative, and they were on the point of entrenching themselves to prepare food when a great hubbub arose all around, and with beating of drums and blaring of trumpets, the whole country was filled with the soldiers of Shu. Suddenly there was a stir near by the great standard, and out came a small four-wheeled chariot in which sat Zhuge Liang. He bade a herald call the leader of the Wei army to a parley.

Fei Yao rode out and, seeing Zhuge Liang, he secretly rejoiced. Turning to those about him, he said, “If the soldiers of Shu come on, you are to retire and look out for a signal. If you see a blaze, you are to turn and attack, for you will be reinforced by Jiang Wei.”

Then Fei Yao rode to the front and shouted, “You rebel leader in front there; how dare you come here again after the last defeat?”

Zhuge Liang replied, “Go and call Cao Zhen to a parley.”

“My chief, Cao Zhen, is of the royal stock; think you that he will come to parley with rebels?”

Zhuge Liang angrily waved his fan, and there came forth Ma Dai and Zhang Ni and their troops with a rush. The Wei army retired. But ere they had gone far, they saw a blaze in the rear of the advancing host of Shu and heard a great shouting. Fei Yao could only conclude that this was the signal of Jiang Wei he was looking for, and so he faced about to attack.

But the enemy also turned about and retired. Fei Yao led the pursuit, sword in hand, hastening to the point whence the shouting came. Nearing the signal fire, the drums beat louder than ever, and then out came two armies, one under Guan Xing and the other under Zhang Bao, while arrows and stones rained from the hill-tops. The Wei troops could not stand it and knew not only they were beaten, but beaten by a ruse. Fei Yao tried to withdraw his force into the shelter of the valley to rest, but the enemy pressed on him, and the army of Wei fell into confusion. Pressing upon each other, many fell into the streams and were drowned.

Fei Yao could do nothing but flee for his life. Just as he was passing by a steep hill there appeared a cohort, and the leader was Jiang Wei.

Fei Yao began to upbraid him, crying, “Faithless ingrate! I have haplessly fallen in your treachery and craftiness!”

Jiang Wei replied, “You are the wrong victim; we meant to capture Cao Zhen not you. You would do well to yield!”

But Fei Yao only galloped away toward a ravine. Suddenly the ravine filled with flame. Then he lost all hope. The pursuers were close behind, so Fei Yao with a sword put an end to his own life.

Of the army of Wei many surrendered. The Shu army pressed home their advantage and, hastening forward, reached Qishan and made a camp. There the army was mustered and put in order.

Jiang Wei received a reward, but he was chagrined that Cao Zhen had not been taken.

“My regret is that I did not slay Cao Zhen,” said he.

“Indeed, yes,” replied Zhuge Liang. “It is a pity that a great scheme should have had so poor a result.”

Cao Zhen was very sad when he heard of the loss of Fei Yao. He consulted Guo Huai as to a new plan to drive back the enemy.

Meanwhile, flying messengers had gone to the capital with news of Zhuge Liang's arrival at Qishan and the defeat. Cao Rui called Sima Yi to ask for a plan to meet these new conditions.

“I have a scheme all ready, not only to turn back Zhuge Liang, but to do so without any exertion on our part. They will retire of their own will.”

Cao Zhen's wits are dull; so he

Fights on Sima Yi's strategy.

The strategy will appear in the next chapter.