卷四十二·郑世家第十二
卷四十二·郑世家第十二
司马迁
郑桓公友者，周厉王少子而宣王庶弟也。宣王立二十二年，友初封于郑。封三十三岁，百姓皆便爱之。幽王以为司徒。和集周民，周民皆说，河雒之间，人便思之。为司徒一岁，幽王以襃后故，王室治多邪，诸侯或畔之。于是桓公问太史伯曰：“王室多故，予安逃死乎？”太史伯对曰：“独雒之东土，河济之南可居。”公曰：“何以？”对曰：“地近虢、郐，虢、郐之君贪而好利，百姓不附。今公为司徒，民皆爱公，公诚请居之，虢、郐之君见公方用事，轻分公地。公诚居之，虢、郐之民皆公之民也。”公曰：“吾欲南之江上，何如？”对曰：“昔祝融为高辛氏火正，其功大矣，而其于周未有兴者，楚其后也。周衰，楚必兴。兴，非郑之利也。”公曰：“吾欲居西方，何如？”对曰：“其民贪而好利，难久居。”公曰：“周衰，何国兴者？”对曰：“齐、秦、晋、楚乎？夫齐，姜姓，伯夷之后也，伯夷佐尧典礼。秦，嬴姓，伯翳之后也，伯翳佐舜怀柔百物。及楚之先，皆尝有功于天下。而周武王克纣后，成王封叔虞于唐，其地阻险，以此有德与周衰并，亦必兴矣。”桓公曰：“善。”于是卒言王，东徙其民雒东，而虢、郐果献十邑，竟国之。
二岁，犬戎杀幽王于骊山下，并杀桓公。郑人共立其子掘突，是为武公。
武公十年，娶申侯女为夫人，曰武姜。生太子寤生，生之难，及生，夫人弗爱。后生少子叔段，段生易，夫人爱之。二十七年，武公疾。夫人请公，欲立段为太子，公弗听。是岁，武公卒，寤生立，是为庄公。
庄公元年，封弟段于京，号太叔。祭仲曰：“京大于国，非所以封庶也。”庄公曰：“武姜欲之，我弗敢夺也。”段至京，缮治甲兵，与其母武姜谋袭郑。二十二年，段果袭郑，武姜为内应。庄公发兵伐段，段走。伐京，京人畔段，段出走鄢。鄢溃，段出奔共。于是庄公迁其母武姜于城颍，誓言曰：“不至黄泉，毋相见也。”居岁余，已悔思母。颍谷之考叔有献于公，公赐食。考叔曰：“臣有母，请君食赐臣母。”庄公曰：“我甚思母，恶负盟，柰何？”考叔曰：“穿地至黄泉，则相见矣。”于是遂从之，见母。
二十四年，宋缪公卒，公子冯奔郑。郑侵周地，取禾。二十五年，卫州吁弑其君桓公自立，与宋伐郑，以冯故也。二十七年，始朝周桓王。桓王怒其取禾，弗礼也。二十九年，庄公怒周弗礼，与鲁易祊、许田。三十三年，宋杀孔父。三十七年，庄公不朝周，周桓王率陈、蔡、虢、卫伐郑。庄公与祭仲、高渠弥发兵自救，王师大败。祝聸射中王臂。祝聸请从之，郑伯止之，曰：“犯长且难之，况敢陵天子乎？”乃止。夜令祭仲问王疾。
三十八年，北戎伐齐，齐使求救，郑遣太子忽将兵救齐。齐釐公欲妻之，忽谢曰：“我小国，非齐敌也。”时祭仲与俱，劝使取之，曰：“君多内宠，太子无大援将不立，三公子皆君也。”所谓三公子者，太子忽，其弟突，次弟子亹也。
四十三年，郑庄公卒。初，祭仲甚有宠于庄公，庄公使为卿；公使娶邓女，生太子忽，故祭仲立之，是为昭公。
庄公又娶宋雍氏女，生厉公突。雍氏有宠于宋。宋庄公闻祭仲之立忽，乃使人诱召祭仲而执之，曰：“不立突，将死。”亦执突以求赂焉。祭仲许宋，与宋盟。以突归，立之。昭公忽闻祭仲以宋要立其弟突，九月丁亥，忽出奔卫。己亥，突至郑，立，是为厉公。
厉公四年，祭仲专国政。厉公患之，阴使其婿雍纠欲杀祭仲。纠妻，祭仲女也，知之，谓其母曰：“父与夫孰亲？”母曰：“父一而已，人尽夫也。”女乃告祭仲，祭仲反杀雍纠，戮之于市。厉公无柰祭仲何，怒纠曰：“谋及妇人，死固宜哉！”夏，厉公出居边邑栎。祭仲迎昭公忽，六月乙亥，复入郑，即位。
秋，郑厉公突因栎人杀其大夫单伯，遂居之。诸侯闻厉公出奔，伐郑，弗克而去。宋颇予厉公兵，自守于栎，郑以故亦不伐栎。
昭公二年，自昭公为太子时，父庄公欲以高渠弥为卿，太子忽恶之，庄公弗听，卒用渠弥为卿。及昭公即位，惧其杀己，冬十月辛卯，渠弥与昭公出猎，射杀昭公于野。祭仲与渠弥不敢入厉公，乃更立昭公弟子亹为君，是为子亹也，无谥号。
子亹元年七月，齐襄公会诸侯于首止，郑子亹往会，高渠弥相，从，祭仲称疾不行。所以然者，子亹自齐襄公为公子之时，尝会斗，相仇，及会诸侯，祭仲请子亹无行。子亹曰：“齐强，而厉公居栎，即不往，是率诸侯伐我，内厉公。我不如往，往何遽必辱，且又何至是！”卒行。于是祭仲恐齐并杀之，故称疾。子亹至，不谢齐侯，齐侯怒，遂伏甲而杀子亹。高渠弥亡归，归与祭仲谋，召子亹弟公子婴于陈而立之，是为郑子。是岁，齐襄公使彭生醉拉杀鲁桓公。
郑子八年，齐人管至父等作乱，弑其君襄公。十二年，宋人长万弑其君湣公。郑祭仲死。
十四年，故郑亡厉公突在栎者使人诱劫郑大夫甫假，要以求入。假曰：“舍我，我为君杀郑子而入君。”厉公与盟，乃舍之。六月甲子，假杀郑子及其二子而迎厉公突，突自栎复入即位。初，内蛇与外蛇斗于郑南门中，内蛇死。居六年，厉公果复入。入而让其伯父原曰：“我亡国外居，伯父无意入我，亦甚矣。”原曰：“事君无二心，人臣之职也。原知罪矣。”遂自杀。厉公于是谓甫假曰：“子之事君有二心矣。”遂诛之。假曰：“重德不报，诚然哉！”
厉公突后元年，齐桓公始霸。
五年，燕、卫与周惠王弟穨伐王，王出奔温，立弟穨为王。六年，惠王告急郑，厉公发兵击周王子穨，弗胜，于是与周惠王归，王居于栎。七年春，郑厉公与虢叔袭杀王子穨而入惠王于周。
秋，厉公卒，子文公踕立。厉公初立四岁，亡居栎，居栎十七岁，复入，立七岁，与亡凡二十八年。
文公十七年，齐桓公以兵破蔡，遂伐楚，至召陵。
二十四年，文公之贱妾曰燕姞，梦天与之兰，曰：“余为伯鯈。余，尔祖也。以是为而子，兰有国香。”以梦告文公，文公幸之，而予之草兰为符。遂生子，名曰兰。
三十六年，晋公子重耳过，文公弗礼。文公弟叔詹曰：“重耳贤，且又同姓，穷而过君，不可无礼。”文公曰：“诸侯亡公子过者多矣，安能尽礼之！”詹曰：“君如弗礼，遂杀之；弗杀，使即反国，为郑忧矣。”文公弗听。
三十七年春，晋公子重耳反国，立，是为文公。秋，郑入滑，滑听命，已而反与卫，于是郑伐滑。周襄王使伯犕请滑。郑文公怨惠王之亡在栎，而文公父厉公入之，而惠王不赐厉公爵禄，又怨襄王之与卫滑，故不听襄王请而囚伯犕。王怒，与翟人伐郑，弗克。冬，翟攻伐襄王，襄王出奔郑，郑文公居王于氾。三十八年，晋文公入襄王成周。
四十一年，助楚击晋。自晋文公之过无礼，故背晋助楚。四十三年，晋文公与秦穆公共围郑，讨其助楚攻晋者，及文公过时之无礼也。初，郑文公有三夫人，宠子五人，皆以罪蚤死。公怒，溉逐群公子。子兰奔晋，从晋文公围郑。时兰事晋文公甚谨，爱幸之，乃私于晋，以求入郑为太子。晋于是欲得叔詹为僇。郑文公恐，不敢谓叔詹言。詹闻，言于郑君曰：“臣谓君，君不听臣，晋卒为患。然晋所以围郑，以詹，詹死而赦郑国，詹之愿也。”乃自杀。郑人以詹尸与晋。晋文公曰：“必欲一见郑君，辱之而去。”郑人患之，乃使人私于秦曰：“破郑益晋，非秦之利也。”秦兵罢。晋文公欲入兰为太子，以告郑。郑大夫石癸曰：“吾闻姞姓乃后稷之元妃，其后当有兴者。子兰母，其后也。且夫人子尽已死，余庶子无如兰贤。今围急，晋以为请，利孰大焉！”遂许晋，与盟，而卒立子兰为太子，晋兵乃罢去。
四十五年，文公卒，子兰立，是为缪公。
缪公元年春，秦缪公使三将将兵欲袭郑，至滑，逢郑贾人弦高诈以十二牛劳军，故秦兵不至而还，晋败之于崤。初，往年郑文公之卒也，郑司城缯贺以郑情卖之，秦兵故来。三年，郑发兵从晋伐秦，败秦兵于汪。
往年楚太子商臣弑其父成王代立。二十一年，与宋华元伐郑。华元杀羊食士，不与其御羊斟，怒以驰郑，郑囚华元。宋赎华元，元亦亡去。晋使赵穿以兵伐郑。
二十二年，郑缪公卒，子夷立，是为灵公。
灵公元年春，楚献鼋于灵公。子家、子公将朝灵公，子公之食指动，谓子家曰：“佗日指动，必食异物。”及入，见灵公进鼋羹，子公笑曰：“果然！”灵公问其笑故，具告灵公。灵公召之，独弗予羹。子公怒，染其指，尝之而出。公怒，欲杀子公。子公与子家谋先。夏，弑灵公。郑人欲立灵公弟去疾，去疾让曰：“必以贤，则去疾不肖；必以顺，则公子坚长。”坚者，灵公庶弟，去疾之兄也。于是乃立子坚，是为襄公。
襄公立，将尽去缪氏。缪氏者，杀灵公、子公之族家也。去疾曰：“必去缪氏，我将去之。”乃止。皆以为大夫。
襄公元年，楚怒郑受宋赂纵华元，伐郑。郑背楚，与晋亲。五年，楚复伐郑，晋来救之。六年，子家卒，国人复逐其族，以其弑灵公也。
七年，郑与晋盟鄢陵。八年，楚庄王以郑与晋盟，来伐，围郑三月，郑以城降楚。楚王入自皇门，郑襄公肉袒掔羊以迎，曰：“孤不能事边邑，使君王怀怒以及弊邑，孤之罪也。敢不惟命是听。君王迁之江南，及以赐诸侯，亦惟命是听。若君王不忘厉、宣王，桓、武公，哀不忍绝其社稷，锡不毛之地，使复得改事君王，孤之愿也，然非所敢望也。敢布腹心，惟命是听。”庄王为卻三十里而后舍。楚群臣曰：“自郢至此，士大夫亦久劳矣。今得国舍之，何如？”庄王曰：“所为伐，伐不服也。今已服，尚何求乎？”卒去。晋闻楚之伐郑，发兵救郑。其来持两端，故迟，比至河，楚兵已去。晋将率或欲渡，或欲还，卒渡河。庄王闻，还击晋。郑反助楚，大破晋军于河上。十年，晋来伐郑，以其反晋而亲楚也。
十一年，楚庄王伐宋，宋告急于晋。晋景公欲发兵救宋，伯宗谏晋君曰：“天方开楚，未可伐也。”乃求壮士得霍人解扬，字子虎，诓楚，令宋毋降。过郑，郑与楚亲，乃执解扬而献楚。楚王厚赐与约，使反其言，令宋趣降，三要乃许。于是楚登解扬楼车，令呼宋。遂负楚约而致其晋君命曰：“晋方悉国兵以救宋，宋虽急，慎毋降楚，晋兵今至矣！”楚庄王大怒，将杀之。解扬曰：“君能制命为义，臣能承命为信。受吾君命以出，有死无陨。”庄王曰：“若之许我，已而背之，其信安在？”解扬曰：“所以许王，欲以成吾君命也。”将死，顾谓楚军曰：“为人臣无忘尽忠得死者！”楚王诸弟皆谏王赦之，于是赦解扬使归。晋爵之为上卿。
十八年，襄公卒，子悼公氵费立。
悼公元年，鄦公恶郑于楚，悼公使弟睔于楚自讼。讼不直，楚囚睔。于是郑悼公来与晋平，遂亲。睔私于楚子反，子反言归睔于郑。
二年，楚伐郑，晋兵来救。是岁，悼公卒，立其弟睔，是为成公。
成公三年，楚共王曰“郑成公孤有德焉”，使人来与盟。成公私与盟。秋，成公朝晋，晋曰“郑私平于楚”，执之。使栾书伐郑。四年春，郑患晋围，公子如乃立成公庶兄繻为君。其四月，晋闻郑立君，乃归成公。郑人闻成公归，亦杀君繻，迎成公。晋兵去。
十年，背晋盟，盟于楚。晋厉公怒，发兵伐郑。楚共王救郑。晋楚战鄢陵，楚兵败，晋射伤楚共王目，俱罢而去。十三年，晋悼公伐郑，兵于洧上。郑城守，晋亦去。
十四年，成公卒，子恽立。是为釐公。
釐公五年，郑相子驷朝釐公，釐公不礼。子驷怒，使厨人药杀釐公，赴诸侯曰“釐公暴病卒”。立釐公子嘉，嘉时年五岁，是为简公。
简公元年，诸公子谋欲诛相子驷，子驷觉之，反尽诛诸公子。二年，晋伐郑，郑与盟，晋去。冬，又与楚盟。子驷畏诛，故两亲晋、楚。三年，相子驷欲自立为君，公子子孔使尉止杀相子驷而代之。子孔又欲自立。子产曰：“子驷为不可，诛之，今又效之，是乱无时息也。”于是子孔从之而相郑简公。
四年，晋怒郑与楚盟，伐郑，郑与盟。楚共王救郑，败晋兵。简公欲与晋平，楚又囚郑使者。
十二年，简公怒相子孔专国权，诛之，而以子产为卿。十九年，简公如晋请卫君还，而封子产以六邑。子产让，受其三邑。二十二年，吴使延陵季子于郑，见子产如旧交，谓子产曰：“郑之执政者侈，难将至，政将及子。子为政，必以礼；不然，郑将败。”子产厚遇季子。二十三年，诸公子争宠相杀，又欲杀子产。公子或谏曰：“子产仁人，郑所以存者子产也，勿杀！”乃止。
二十五年，郑使子产于晋，问平公疾。平公曰：“卜而曰实沈、台骀为祟，史官莫知，敢问？”对曰：“高辛氏有二子，长曰阏伯，季曰实沈，居旷林，不相能也，日操干戈以相征伐。后帝弗臧，迁阏伯于商丘，主辰，商人是因，故辰为商星。迁实沈于大夏，主参，唐人是因，服事夏、商，其季世曰唐叔虞。当武王邑姜方娠大叔，梦帝谓己：‘余命而子曰虞，乃与之唐，属之参而蕃育其子孙。’及生有文在其掌曰‘虞’，遂以命之。及成王灭唐而国大叔焉。故参为晋星。由是观之，则实沈，参神也。昔金天氏有裔子曰昧，为玄冥师，生允格、台骀。台骀能业其官，宣汾、洮，障大泽，以处太原。帝用嘉之，国之汾川。沈、姒、蓐、黄实守其祀。今晋主汾川而灭之。由是观之，则台骀，汾、洮神也。然是二者不害君身。山川之神，则水旱之菑禜之；日月星辰之神，则雪霜风雨不时禜之；若君疾，饮食哀乐女色所生也。”平公及叔向曰：“善，博物君子也！”厚为之礼于子产。
二十七年夏，郑简公朝晋。冬，畏楚灵王之强，又朝楚，子产从。二十八年，郑君病，使子产会诸侯，与楚灵王盟于申，诛齐庆封。
三十六年，简公卒，子定公宁立。秋，定公朝晋昭公。
定公元年，楚公子弃疾弑其君灵王而自立，为平王。欲行德诸侯。归灵王所侵郑地于郑。
四年，晋昭公卒，其六卿强，公室卑。子产谓韩宣子曰：“为政必以德，毋忘所以立。”
六年，郑火，公欲禳之。子产曰：“不如修德。”
八年，楚太子建来奔。十年，太子建与晋谋袭郑。郑杀建，建子胜奔吴。
十一年，定公如晋。晋与郑谋，诛周乱臣，入敬王于周。
十三年，定公卒，子献公虿立。献公十三年卒，子声公胜立。当是时，晋六卿强，侵夺郑，郑遂弱。
声公五年，郑相子产卒，郑人皆哭泣，悲之如亡亲戚。子产者，郑成公少子也。为人仁爱人，事君忠厚。孔子尝过郑，与子产如兄弟云。及闻子产死，孔子为泣曰：“古之遗爱也！”
八年，晋范、中行氏反晋，告急于郑，郑救之。晋伐郑，败郑军于铁。
十四年，宋景公灭曹。二十年，齐田常弑其君简公，而常相于齐。二十二年，楚惠王灭陈。孔子卒。
三十六年，晋知伯伐郑，取九邑。
三十七年，声公卒，子哀公易立。哀公八年，郑人弑哀公而立声公弟丑，是为共公。共公三年，三晋灭知伯。三十一年，共公卒，子幽公已立。幽公元年，韩武子伐郑，杀幽公。郑人立幽公弟骀，是为繻公。
繻公十五年，韩景侯伐郑，取雍丘。郑城京。
十六年，郑伐韩，败韩兵于负黍。二十年，韩、赵、魏列为诸侯。二十三年，郑围韩之阳翟。
二十五年，郑君杀其相子阳。二十七年，子阳之党共弑繻公骀而立幽公弟乙为君，是为郑君。
郑君乙立二年，郑负黍反，复归韩。十一年，韩伐郑，取阳城。
二十一年，韩哀侯灭郑，并其国。
太史公曰：语有之，“以权利合者，权利尽而交疏”，甫瑕是也。甫瑕虽以劫杀郑子内厉公，厉公终背而杀之，此与晋之里克何异？守节如荀息，身死而不能存奚齐。变所从来，亦多故矣！
Volume 42 · The Hereditary House of Zheng, Twelfth
司马迁
Duke Huan of Zheng, You, was a younger son of King Li of Zhou and a younger half-brother of King Xuan. In King Xuan's twenty-second year of rule You was first enfeoffed at Zheng. Thirty-three years after his enfeoffment the hundred families all found him easy to live under and loved him. King You made him Minister of Instruction. He harmonized and gathered the people of Zhou, and the people of Zhou were all pleased, and between the He and the Luo men found him easy and thought of him. He had been Minister of Instruction one year when, on account of the Consort Bao, King You's royal house was governed with much crookedness and some of the feudal lords turned against it. Thereupon Duke Huan asked the Grand Scribe Bo: "The royal house has much trouble; where can I flee death?" The Grand Scribe Bo answered: "Only the country east of the Luo and south of the He and the Ji can be dwelt in." The duke said: "Why?" He answered: "That land is near Guo and Kuai, and the lords of Guo and Kuai are greedy and fond of gain, and the hundred families are not attached to them. Now my lord is Minister of Instruction, and the people all love my lord; if my lord sincerely asks to dwell there, the lords of Guo and Kuai, seeing that my lord is in office, will lightly divide off land for my lord. If my lord sincerely dwells there, the people of Guo and Kuai will all be my lord's people." The duke said: "I should like to go south to the Jiang; how would that be?" He answered: "Long ago Zhurong was Director of Fire for the Gaoxin clan, and his merit was great; but among his line there has been none that flourished under Zhou, and Chu is his posterity. When Zhou declines, Chu must flourish; and its flourishing is no advantage to Zheng." The duke said: "I should like to dwell in the west; how would that be?" He answered: "Its people are greedy and fond of gain; it is hard to dwell there long." The duke said: "When Zhou declines, which states will flourish?" He answered: "Qi, Qin, Jin and Chu, I think. Qi is of the Jiang surname and the posterity of Boyi (伯夷), and Boyi (伯夷) assisted Yao in ordering the rites. Qin is of the Ying surname and the posterity of Boyi (伯翳), and Boyi (伯翳) assisted Shun in soothing and gathering the hundred kinds of things. As for Chu's ancestors, they all had merit in the empire at one time. And after King Wu of Zhou overcame Zhou the tyrant, King Cheng enfeoffed Shuyu at Tang; that land is barred and steep, and with such power, as Zhou declines, it too must flourish." Duke Huan said: "Good." And so in the end he spoke to the king and moved his people east of the Luo, and Guo and Kuai did indeed present him with ten towns, and he possessed them as his state.
Two years later the Quanrong killed King You below Mount Li, and killed Duke Huan along with him. The men of Zheng together set up his son Juetu: this was Duke Wu.
In Duke Wu's tenth year he took a daughter of the Marquis of Shen as his lady, called Wu Jiang. She bore the heir apparent Wusheng; the birth was difficult, and when he was born the lady did not love him. Afterwards she bore a younger son, Shu Duan; Duan's birth was easy, and the lady loved him. In the twenty-seventh year Duke Wu fell ill. The lady asked the duke, wishing to set up Duan as heir apparent, and the duke would not listen. In that year Duke Wu died, and Wusheng was set up: this was Duke Zhuang.
In Duke Zhuang's first year he enfeoffed his younger brother Duan at Jing, styled the Great Shu. Zhai Zhong said: "Jing is greater than the capital; it is not a proper enfeoffment for a son of a concubine." Duke Zhuang said: "Wu Jiang wishes it; I dare not take it from him." Duan reached Jing and put his armour and weapons in order, and with his mother Wu Jiang plotted a surprise attack on Zheng. In the twenty-second year Duan did indeed make a surprise attack on Zheng, with Wu Jiang answering him within. Duke Zhuang sent out troops and attacked Duan, and Duan ran. He attacked Jing, and the men of Jing turned against Duan, and Duan went out and ran to Yan. Yan collapsed, and Duan fled out to Gong. Thereupon Duke Zhuang moved his mother Wu Jiang to Chengying and swore an oath, saying: "Until we reach the Yellow Springs, we shall not see each other." A year and more later he repented and longed for his mother. Kaoshu of Yinggu had something to present to the duke, and the duke bestowed food on him. Kaoshu said: "Your servant has a mother; I beg my lord to let his servant's mother eat what has been bestowed." Duke Zhuang said: "I long for my mother greatly, but I hate to break my oath. What is to be done?" Kaoshu said: "Dig through the earth to the Yellow Springs, and you may see each other there." Thereupon he followed this, and saw his mother.
In the twenty-fourth year Duke Mu of Song died, and Prince Feng fled to Zheng. Zheng encroached on Zhou's land and took its standing grain. In the twenty-fifth year Zhouxu of Wei murdered his lord Duke Huan and set himself up, and with Song attacked Zheng, on Feng's account. In the twenty-seventh year he first paid court to King Huan of Zhou. King Huan was angry over his taking the grain and was not ceremonious to him. In the twenty-ninth year Duke Zhuang, angry that Zhou had not been ceremonious, exchanged Fang and the Xu fields with Lu. In the thirty-third year Song killed Kongfu. In the thirty-seventh year Duke Zhuang did not pay court to Zhou, and King Huan of Zhou led Chen, Cai, Guo and Wei in attacking Zheng. Duke Zhuang with Zhai Zhong and Gao Qumi sent out troops to save himself, and the royal host was greatly defeated. Zhu Dan shot and hit the king's arm. Zhu Dan asked to pursue them, and the Earl of Zheng stopped him, saying: "To offend against an elder is hard enough; how much more should one dare to override the Son of Heaven?" And so he stopped. That night he ordered Zhai Zhong to ask after the king's wound.
In the thirty-eighth year the Northern Rong attacked Qi, and Qi sent to ask rescue, and Zheng sent the heir apparent Hu with troops to rescue Qi. Duke Xi of Qi wished to give him a daughter to wife, and Hu declined, saying: "We are a small state and no match for Qi." At the time Zhai Zhong was with him and urged him to take her, saying: "Your lord has many favourites within; the heir apparent without a great support will not be set up, and all three princes may be lord." Those called the three princes were the heir apparent Hu, his younger brother Tu, and the next younger brother Ziwei.
In the forty-third year Duke Zhuang of Zheng died. Earlier, Zhai Zhong had been much favoured by Duke Zhuang, and Duke Zhuang made him a minister; the duke had him take a woman of Deng to wife, and she bore the heir apparent Hu, and therefore Zhai Zhong set him up: this was Duke Zhao.
Duke Zhuang had also taken a daughter of the Yong clan of Song, and she bore Duke Li, Tu. The Yong clan were favoured in Song. Duke Zhuang of Song, hearing that Zhai Zhong had set up Hu, sent men to lure and summon Zhai Zhong and seized him, saying: "If you do not set up Tu, you shall die." He also seized Tu to get a bribe out of him. Zhai Zhong made his promise to Song and covenanted with Song. He took Tu home and set him up. Duke Zhao, Hu, hearing that Zhai Zhong had been coerced by Song into setting up his younger brother Tu, fled out to Wei on the day dinghai of the ninth month. On jihai Tu reached Zheng and was set up: this was Duke Li.
In Duke Li's fourth year Zhai Zhong engrossed the state's government. Duke Li was troubled by it, and secretly sent his son-in-law Yong Jiu, meaning to kill Zhai Zhong. Jiu's wife was Zhai Zhong's daughter; she knew of it and said to her mother: "Which is closer, a father or a husband?" Her mother said: "A father is one and no more; any man may be a husband." The daughter thereupon told Zhai Zhong, and Zhai Zhong turned and killed Yong Jiu and exposed his corpse in the marketplace. Duke Li could do nothing about Zhai Zhong, and said angrily of Jiu: "To plot with a woman — it is fitting indeed that he died!" In the summer Duke Li went out to dwell in the border town of Li. Zhai Zhong welcomed back Duke Zhao, Hu, and on the day yihai of the sixth month he entered Zheng again and came to his place.
In the autumn Duke Li of Zheng, Tu, with the men of Li killed their grandee Shan Bo, and thereupon dwelt there. The feudal lords, hearing that Duke Li had fled out, attacked Zheng, and not prevailing went away. Song gave Duke Li a good many troops, and he held Li on his own; and for this reason Zheng too did not attack Li.
In Duke Zhao's second year — from the time when Duke Zhao was heir apparent, his father Duke Zhuang had wished to make Gao Qumi a minister, and the heir apparent Hu disliked him; Duke Zhuang would not listen, and in the end employed Qumi as a minister. When Duke Zhao came to his place, Qumi feared he would kill him, and on the day xinmao of the tenth month of winter Qumi went out hunting with Duke Zhao and shot Duke Zhao dead in the open country. Zhai Zhong and Qumi did not dare bring in Duke Li, and so set up Duke Zhao's younger brother Ziwei as lord instead: this was Ziwei, who had no posthumous title.
In the seventh month of Ziwei's first year Duke Xiang of Qi assembled the feudal lords at Shouzhi. Ziwei of Zheng went to the assembly, with Gao Qumi as his assistant in attendance, and Zhai Zhong pleaded illness and did not go. The reason for this was that Ziwei, back when Duke Xiang of Qi was still a prince, had once come to blows with him at a meeting and they were enemies; and now that the feudal lords were assembling, Zhai Zhong asked Ziwei not to go. Ziwei said: "Qi is strong, and Duke Li is at Li; if I do not go, this means he will lead the feudal lords to attack us and bring Duke Li in. I had better go; and having gone, how should I certainly be humiliated, and how should it ever come to that!" In the end he went. Thereupon Zhai Zhong, fearing that Qi would kill him along with him, therefore pleaded illness. Ziwei arrived and did not apologize to the Marquis of Qi; the Marquis of Qi was angry, and thereupon laid an ambush of armed men and killed Ziwei. Gao Qumi fled home, and on returning plotted with Zhai Zhong and summoned Ziwei's younger brother Prince Ying from Chen and set him up: this was the Lord of Zheng. In that year Duke Xiang of Qi had Pengsheng get Duke Huan of Lu drunk and crush him to death.
In the Lord of Zheng's eighth year Guan Zhifu and others of Qi made a rebellion and murdered their lord Duke Xiang. In the twelfth year Changwan of Song murdered his lord Duke Min. Zhai Zhong of Zheng died.
In the fourteenth year the former fugitive Duke Li of Zheng, Tu, who was at Li, sent men to lure and seize the Zheng grandee Fu Jia, and coerced him to get an entry. Jia said: "Release me, and I shall kill the Lord of Zheng for you and bring my lord in." Duke Li made a covenant with him and then released him. On the day jiazi of the sixth month Jia killed the Lord of Zheng and his two sons and welcomed Duke Li, Tu, and Tu from Li entered again and came to his place. Earlier, an inner snake and an outer snake had fought in the southern gate of Zheng, and the inner snake died. Six years afterwards Duke Li did indeed enter again. Having entered, he reproached his uncle Yuan, saying: "I lost my state and dwelt abroad, and my uncle had no mind to bring me in; that was too much." Yuan said: "To serve a lord without a double heart is a subject's duty. Yuan knows his crime." And he thereupon killed himself. Duke Li thereupon said to Fu Jia: "In serving your lord you had a double heart." And he thereupon put him to death. Jia said: "A heavy kindness goes unrequited — it is true indeed!"
In the first year of Duke Li, Tu, after his restoration, Duke Huan of Qi first became hegemon.
In the fifth year Yan and Wei, with King Hui of Zhou's younger brother Tui, attacked the king; the king fled out to Wen, and they set up his younger brother Tui as king. In the sixth year King Hui appealed urgently to Zheng, and Duke Li sent out troops and struck at the king's son Tui, and did not prevail; thereupon he went back with King Hui of Zhou, and the king dwelt at Li. In the spring of the seventh year Duke Li of Zheng with Shu of Guo made a surprise attack and killed the king's son Tui and brought King Hui into Zhou.
In the autumn Duke Li died, and his son Duke Wen, Jie, was set up. Duke Li had been in his place four years when he was first set up, then lost it and dwelt at Li, dwelt at Li seventeen years, and entered again and was in his place seven years: with the time abroad, twenty-eight years in all.
In Duke Wen's seventeenth year Duke Huan of Qi with troops broke Cai and thereupon attacked Chu, reaching Zhaoling.
In the twenty-fourth year Duke Wen's low-ranking concubine, called Yan Jie, dreamed that Heaven gave her an orchid and said: "I am Bochou. I am your ancestor. Take this for your son; the orchid has the fragrance of a state." She told Duke Wen of the dream, and Duke Wen favoured her and gave her a common orchid as a token. And so she bore a son, named Lan.
In the thirty-sixth year Prince Chonger of Jin passed through, and Duke Wen was not ceremonious to him. Duke Wen's younger brother Shu Zhan said: "Chonger is worthy, and moreover of our own surname, and he has passed by my lord in straits; you cannot be discourteous." Duke Wen said: "Many princes of the feudal lords pass through here as fugitives; how can one be ceremonious to them all!" Zhan said: "If my lord will not be ceremonious, then kill him; if you do not kill him, and let him get back to his state, he will be a trouble to Zheng." Duke Wen would not listen.
In the spring of the thirty-seventh year Prince Chonger of Jin went back to his state and was set up: this was Duke Wen. In the autumn Zheng entered Hua; Hua obeyed his command, and afterwards turned back and went over to Wei, and thereupon Zheng attacked Hua. King Xiang of Zhou sent Bobei to plead for Hua. Duke Wen of Zheng bore a grudge over King Hui's exile at Li, when his own father Duke Li had brought him in and King Hui had not bestowed rank or emolument on Duke Li, and he also bore a grudge at King Xiang's siding with Wei and Hua; and so he did not listen to King Xiang's plea and imprisoned Bobei. The king was angry, and with the Di attacked Zheng, and did not prevail. In the winter the Di attacked King Xiang, and King Xiang fled out to Zheng, and Duke Wen of Zheng lodged the king at Fan. In the thirty-eighth year Duke Wen of Jin brought King Xiang into Chengzhou.
In the forty-first year he helped Chu to strike at Jin. Because of Duke Wen of Jin's passing through without ceremony, he turned his back on Jin and helped Chu. In the forty-third year Duke Wen of Jin and Duke Mu of Qin together besieged Zheng, punishing it for helping Chu to attack Jin, and for its discourtesy at the time of Duke Wen's passing through. Earlier, Duke Wen of Zheng had three ladies and five favoured sons, and all had died early for their crimes. The duke was angry and drove out the whole body of princes. Zilan fled to Jin and followed Duke Wen of Jin in besieging Zheng. At the time Lan served Duke Wen of Jin most carefully, and he loved and favoured him; and so he worked privately on Jin, seeking to enter Zheng as heir apparent. Jin thereupon wished to get Shu Zhan and slaughter him. Duke Wen of Zheng was afraid and did not dare speak of it to Shu Zhan. Zhan heard of it and said to the lord of Zheng: "Your servant spoke to my lord, and my lord did not listen to his servant, and in the end Jin has become a trouble. Yet the reason Jin besieges Zheng is Zhan; if Zhan dies and the state of Zheng is pardoned, that is Zhan's wish." And he killed himself. The men of Zheng gave Zhan's corpse to Jin. Duke Wen of Jin said: "I must see the lord of Zheng once, humiliate him and then go." The men of Zheng were troubled by this, and so sent men privately to say to Qin: "To break Zheng enlarges Jin; it is no advantage to Qin." The Qin troops broke off. Duke Wen of Jin wished to bring in Lan as heir apparent, and told Zheng so. The Zheng grandee Shi Gui said: "I have heard that the Jie surname was the first consort of Houji, and that among her posterity there should be one that flourishes. Zilan's mother is of that posterity. And the lady's sons are all dead already, and among the remaining sons by concubines there is none as worthy as Lan. Now the siege is pressing and Jin makes this its request; what advantage could be greater!" So they consented to Jin and covenanted with it, and in the end set up Zilan as heir apparent, and the troops of Jin then broke off and went away.
In the forty-fifth year Duke Wen died, and Zilan was set up: this was Duke Mu.
In the spring of Duke Mu's first year Duke Mu of Qin sent three generals with troops meaning to make a surprise attack on Zheng; they reached Hua and met a merchant of Zheng, Xian Gao, who falsely feasted the army with twelve oxen, and so the Qin troops did not arrive but turned back, and Jin defeated them at Yao. Earlier, in the previous year at the death of Duke Wen of Zheng, the Minister of the City of Zheng, Zeng He, had sold them Zheng's circumstances, and this was why the Qin troops came. In the third year Zheng sent out troops and followed Jin in attacking Qin, and defeated the Qin troops at Wang.
In the previous year the Chu heir apparent Shangchen had murdered his father King Cheng and taken his place. In the twenty-first year he with Hua Yuan of Song attacked Zheng. Hua Yuan killed a sheep to feed his officers and did not give any to his charioteer Yang Zhen, who in anger drove him into Zheng, and Zheng imprisoned Hua Yuan. Song ransomed Hua Yuan, and Yuan also fled away. Jin sent Zhao Chuan with troops to attack Zheng.
In the twenty-second year Duke Mu of Zheng died, and his son Yi was set up: this was Duke Ling.
In the spring of Duke Ling's first year Chu presented a great turtle to Duke Ling. Zijia and Zigong were about to go to court before Duke Ling, and Zigong's forefinger twitched, and he said to Zijia: "On other days when my finger has twitched, I have always eaten some rare thing." When they went in they saw Duke Ling being served turtle soup, and Zigong laughed and said: "It is so after all!" Duke Ling asked why he laughed, and he told Duke Ling the whole of it. Duke Ling summoned him and gave him alone no soup. Zigong was angry, dipped his finger in, tasted it and went out. The duke was angry and wished to kill Zigong. Zigong plotted with Zijia to act first. In the summer they murdered Duke Ling. The men of Zheng wished to set up Duke Ling's younger brother Quji, and Quji declined, saying: "If it must be by worth, then Quji is unworthy; if it must be by order, then Prince Jian is the elder." Jian was Duke Ling's younger half-brother and Quji's elder brother. Thereupon they set up Zijian: this was Duke Xiang.
Duke Xiang being set up, he was going to get rid of all the Mu clan. The Mu clan were the household and kin of those who had killed Duke Ling, Zigong and the rest. Quji said: "If you must get rid of the Mu clan, then I shall go too." And so it was stopped, and they were all made grandees.
In Duke Xiang's first year Chu was angry that Zheng had taken Song's bribe and let Hua Yuan go, and attacked Zheng. Zheng turned its back on Chu and made friends with Jin. In the fifth year Chu attacked Zheng again, and Jin came to rescue it. In the sixth year Zijia died, and the people of the state drove out his clan as well, because he had murdered Duke Ling.
In the seventh year Zheng covenanted with Jin at Yanling. In the eighth year King Zhuang of Chu, because Zheng had covenanted with Jin, came and attacked and besieged Zheng three months, and Zheng surrendered the city to Chu. The King of Chu entered by the Huang Gate, and Duke Xiang of Zheng bared his flesh and led a sheep to meet him, saying: "I could not serve you in my border town, and have made my lord the king conceive anger and bring it upon our poor town; the fault is mine. How should I dare do anything but hear your command! If my lord the king moves me south of the Jiang, or bestows me on the feudal lords, I shall likewise hear only your command. And if my lord the king does not forget Kings Li and Xuan and Dukes Huan and Wu, and in his grief cannot bear to cut off their altars of soil and grain, but grants me some barren land and lets me change my ways and serve my lord the king again, that is my wish, though it is not what I dare hope for. I venture to lay bare my heart and hear only your command." King Zhuang for his sake drew back thirty li and then encamped. The body of Chu's ministers said: "From Ying to here, the officers and grandees have laboured long. Now that we have got the state and let it go — how is that?" King Zhuang said: "What we attacked for was to attack the unsubmissive. Now they have submitted; what more is there to seek?" And in the end he went away. Jin, hearing of Chu's attack on Zheng, sent out troops to rescue Zheng. They came holding to both ends and so were slow, and by the time they reached the He the Chu troops had already gone. Some of the Jin commanders wished to cross and some to turn back, and in the end they crossed the He. King Zhuang heard of it and turned back to strike at Jin. Zheng in turn helped Chu, and they greatly broke the Jin army by the He. In the tenth year Jin came and attacked Zheng, because it had turned against Jin and made friends with Chu.
In the eleventh year King Zhuang of Chu attacked Song, and Song appealed urgently to Jin. Duke Jing of Jin wished to send out troops to rescue Song, and Bo Zong remonstrated with the lord of Jin: "Heaven is just now opening the way for Chu; it cannot yet be attacked." So he sought a stout man and got Xie Yang of Huo, styled Zihu, to deceive Chu and order Song not to surrender. He passed through Zheng, and Zheng being friendly with Chu, they seized Xie Yang and presented him to Chu. The King of Chu rewarded him richly and made an agreement with him, having him reverse his words and order Song to surrender at once; after three demands he consented. Thereupon Chu set Xie Yang up on a tower-cart and had him call out to Song. And he went back on his agreement with Chu and delivered his own lord of Jin's command, saying: "Jin is just now raising all the state's troops to rescue Song; though Song be hard pressed, be careful not to surrender to Chu — the troops of Jin are now arriving!" King Zhuang of Chu was greatly enraged and was going to kill him. Xie Yang said: "That a lord can frame commands is righteousness; that a subject can carry out commands is good faith. Having received my lord's command and gone out with it, there is death but no falling short." King Zhuang said: "You made me a promise, and then went back on it; where is your good faith?" Xie Yang said: "The reason I made my lord the king a promise was to fulfil my own lord's command." As he was about to die, he turned and said to the army of Chu: "Let no man who is a subject forget the one who gave his whole loyalty and got death by it!" All the King of Chu's younger brothers remonstrated with the king to pardon him, and thereupon he pardoned Xie Yang and sent him home. Jin gave him the rank of senior minister.
In the eighteenth year Duke Xiang died, and his son Duke Dao, Fei, was set up.
In Duke Dao's first year the Lord of Xu spoke ill of Zheng to Chu, and Duke Dao sent his younger brother Gun to Chu to plead his own case. The plea was held not to be in the right, and Chu imprisoned Gun. Thereupon Duke Dao of Zheng came and made peace with Jin, and so became friendly with it. Gun worked privately on Zifan of Chu, and Zifan spoke and had Gun sent home to Zheng.
In the second year Chu attacked Zheng, and the troops of Jin came to the rescue. In that year Duke Dao died, and they set up his younger brother Gun: this was Duke Cheng.
In Duke Cheng's third year King Gong of Chu said, "Duke Cheng of Zheng has shown kindness to me," and sent men to come and covenant with him. Duke Cheng privately covenanted with him. In the autumn Duke Cheng paid court to Jin, and Jin said, "Zheng has privately made peace with Chu," and seized him. It sent Luan Shu to attack Zheng. In the spring of the fourth year Zheng, troubled by Jin's siege, had Prince Ru set up Duke Cheng's elder half-brother Ru as lord. In the fourth month of that year Jin heard that Zheng had set up a lord, and so sent Duke Cheng home. The men of Zheng heard that Duke Cheng was coming home, and also killed the lord Ru and welcomed Duke Cheng. The troops of Jin went away.
In the tenth year he turned his back on the covenant with Jin and covenanted with Chu. Duke Li of Jin was angry and sent out troops to attack Zheng. King Gong of Chu rescued Zheng. Jin and Chu fought at Yanling; the Chu troops were defeated, and Jin shot and wounded King Gong of Chu in the eye, and both broke off and went away. In the thirteenth year Duke Dao of Jin attacked Zheng and took arms by the Wei. Zheng held its walls, and Jin too went away.
In the fourteenth year Duke Cheng died, and his son Yun was set up: this was Duke Xi.
In Duke Xi's fifth year the chancellor of Zheng, Zisi, went to court before Duke Xi, and Duke Xi was not ceremonious to him. Zisi was angry, and had the cook poison Duke Xi to death, and announced to the feudal lords that "Duke Xi died suddenly of an illness." They set up Duke Xi's son Jia, who was then five years old: this was Duke Jian.
In Duke Jian's first year the princes plotted to put the chancellor Zisi to death; Zisi found them out, and turned and put all the princes to death. In the second year Jin attacked Zheng, and Zheng covenanted with it, and Jin went away. In the winter it covenanted with Chu as well. Zisi feared being put to death, and therefore was friendly to both Jin and Chu. In the third year the chancellor Zisi wished to set himself up as lord, and Prince Zikong had Wei Zhi kill the chancellor Zisi and took his place. Zikong too wished to set himself up. Zichan said: "Zisi acted improperly and was put to death; and if you now imitate him, then the disorder will have no time to rest." Thereupon Zikong followed him and served as chancellor to Duke Jian of Zheng.
In the fourth year Jin was angry that Zheng had covenanted with Chu and attacked Zheng, and Zheng covenanted with it. King Gong of Chu rescued Zheng and defeated the troops of Jin. Duke Jian wished to make peace with Jin, and Chu again imprisoned the envoy of Zheng.
In the twelfth year Duke Jian was angry that the chancellor Zikong had engrossed the state's power, and put him to death, and made Zichan a minister. In the nineteenth year Duke Jian went to Jin to ask that the lord of Wei be sent back, and enfeoffed Zichan with six towns. Zichan declined and received three of the towns. In the twenty-second year Wu sent Jizi of Yanling to Zheng; he saw Zichan as though they were old acquaintances, and said to Zichan: "Those holding the government in Zheng are extravagant; trouble is coming, and the government will come to you. When you govern, do it by ritual; if not, Zheng will be ruined." Zichan treated Jizi generously. In the twenty-third year the princes contended for favour and killed one another, and wished to kill Zichan as well. One of the princes remonstrated: "Zichan is a humane man; the reason Zheng survives is Zichan. Do not kill him!" And so it was stopped.
In the twenty-fifth year Zheng sent Zichan to Jin to ask after Duke Ping's illness. Duke Ping said: "The divination says that Shishen and Taitai are the source of the curse, and the scribal officers do not know them; may I venture to ask?" He answered: "The Gaoxin clan had two sons, the elder called Ebo and the younger Shishen. They dwelt in the Broad Forest and could not get on with each other, but daily took up shield and dagger-axe to make war on each other. The Lord on High afterwards thought it not good, and moved Ebo to Shangqiu, to have charge of Chen; the men of Shang followed in this, and therefore Chen is the star of Shang. He moved Shishen to Daxia, to have charge of Shen; the men of Tang followed in this, and served the Xia and the Shang, and in their last age came Tangshu Yu. When King Wu's consort Yi Jiang was pregnant with the Great Shu, she dreamed that the Lord said to her: 'I charge your son to be named Yu, and I give him Tang, assigning him to Shen and making his sons and grandsons multiply and grow.' And when he was born there was a mark on his palm reading "Yu," and so they named him accordingly. And King Cheng destroyed Tang and gave the Great Shu that state. Therefore Shen is the star of Jin. Looking at it from this, Shishen is the spirit of Shen. Long ago the Jintian clan had a descendant called Mei, who was master of the Dark Obscurity, and he begot Yunge and Taitai. Taitai was able to carry on his office; he opened out the Fen and the Tao, dammed the great marsh and made Taiyuan habitable. The Lord on High commended him for it and gave him the Fen river country as a state. The Shen, the Si, the Ru and the Huang kept up his sacrifices. Now Jin has charge of the Fen country and has destroyed them. Looking at it from this, Taitai is the spirit of the Fen and the Tao. Even so, these two do no harm to my lord's person. For the spirits of the mountains and rivers, one makes the exorcistic sacrifice when flood or drought is a calamity; for the spirits of sun, moon and stars, one makes it when snow, frost, wind and rain come out of season; but as for my lord's illness, it arises from food and drink, grief and pleasure, and women." Duke Ping and Shuxiang said: "Good — a gentleman of broad learning in things!" And they made him rich ceremony for Zichan's sake.
In the summer of the twenty-seventh year Duke Jian of Zheng paid court to Jin. In the winter, fearing the strength of King Ling of Chu, he paid court to Chu as well, with Zichan attending. In the twenty-eighth year the lord of Zheng was ill and sent Zichan to meet the feudal lords, and he covenanted with King Ling of Chu at Shen, where Qing Feng of Qi was put to death.
In the thirty-sixth year Duke Jian died, and his son Duke Ding, Ning, was set up. In the autumn Duke Ding paid court to Duke Zhao of Jin.
In Duke Ding's first year Prince Qiji of Chu murdered his lord King Ling and set himself up as King Ping. He wished to practise kindness toward the feudal lords, and gave back to Zheng the lands of Zheng that King Ling had encroached on.
In the fourth year Duke Zhao of Jin died; its six ministers were strong and the ducal house lowly. Zichan said to Han Xuanzi: "In governing you must use power; do not forget what you were established by."
In the sixth year there was a fire in Zheng, and the duke wished to make an aversion sacrifice for it. Zichan said: "Better to cultivate power."
In the eighth year the Chu heir apparent Jian came here as a fugitive. In the tenth year the heir apparent Jian plotted with Jin a surprise attack on Zheng. Zheng killed Jian, and Jian's son Sheng fled to Wu.
In the eleventh year Duke Ding went to Jin. Jin plotted with Zheng to put to death the rebellious ministers of Zhou and bring King Jing into Zhou.
In the thirteenth year Duke Ding died, and his son Duke Xian, Chai, was set up. Duke Xian died in his thirteenth year, and his son Duke Sheng, Sheng, was set up. At this time the six ministers of Jin were strong and encroached upon and seized from Zheng, and Zheng thereupon grew weak.
In Duke Sheng's fifth year the chancellor of Zheng, Zichan, died; the men of Zheng all wept and wailed and grieved for him as for a lost kinsman. Zichan was a younger son of Duke Cheng of Zheng. He was humane and loved men, and served his lord with loyalty and generosity. Confucius once passed through Zheng, and he and Zichan were as brothers, they say. And when he heard that Zichan was dead, Confucius wept for him and said: "He was of the bequeathed love of antiquity!"
In the eighth year the Fan and Zhonghang clans of Jin rebelled against Jin and appealed urgently to Zheng, and Zheng rescued them. Jin attacked Zheng and defeated the army of Zheng at Tie.
In the fourteenth year Duke Jing of Song destroyed Cao. In the twentieth year Tian Chang of Qi murdered his lord Duke Jian, and Chang became chancellor in Qi. In the twenty-second year King Hui of Chu destroyed Chen. Confucius died.
In the thirty-sixth year the Earl of Zhi of Jin attacked Zheng and took nine towns.
In the thirty-seventh year Duke Sheng died, and his son Duke Ai, Yi, was set up. In Duke Ai's eighth year the men of Zheng murdered Duke Ai and set up Duke Sheng's younger brother Chou: this was Duke Gong. In Duke Gong's third year the Three Jin destroyed the Earl of Zhi. In the thirty-first year Duke Gong died, and his son Duke You, Yi, was set up. In Duke You's first year Wuzi of Han attacked Zheng and killed Duke You. The men of Zheng set up Duke You's younger brother Tai: this was Duke Xu.
In Duke Xu's fifteenth year Marquis Jing of Han attacked Zheng and took Yongqiu. Zheng walled Jing.
In the sixteenth year Zheng attacked Han and defeated the Han troops at Fushu. In the twentieth year Han, Zhao and Wei were ranked as feudal lords. In the twenty-third year Zheng besieged Han's Yangzhai.
In the twenty-fifth year the lord of Zheng killed his chancellor Ziyang. In the twenty-seventh year Ziyang's party together murdered Duke Xu, Tai, and set up Duke You's younger brother Yi as lord: this was the Lord of Zheng.
The Lord of Zheng, Yi, having been set up two years, Zheng's Fushu rebelled and went back to Han. In the eleventh year Han attacked Zheng and took Yangcheng.
In the twenty-first year Marquis Ai of Han destroyed Zheng and annexed its state.
The Lord Grand Astrologer says: There is a saying, "Those joined by power and profit — when the power and profit are spent, the friendship grows thin"; such was Fu Xia. Though Fu Xia by coercion killed the Lord of Zheng and brought in Duke Li, Duke Li in the end turned against him and killed him: how does this differ from Li Ke of Jin? To keep one's fidelity like Xun Xi, and yet to die in one's own person and be unable to preserve Xiqi! The sources of change are many indeed!