第一百十八回

第一百十八回 哭祖庙一王死孝 入西川二士争功

却说后主在成都，闻邓艾取了绵竹，诸葛瞻父子已亡，大惊，急召文武商议。近臣奏曰：“城外百姓，扶老携幼，哭声大震，各逃生命。”后主惊惶无措。忽哨马报到，说魏兵将近城下。多官议曰：“兵微将寡，难以迎敌，不如早弃成都，奔南中七郡。其地险峻，可以自守，就借蛮兵，再来克复未迟。”光禄大夫谯周曰：“不可。南蛮久反之人，平昔无惠，今若投之，必遭大祸。”多官又奏曰：“蜀、吴既同盟，今事急矣，可以投之。”周又谏曰：“自古以来，无寄他国为天子者。臣料魏能吞吴，吴不能吞魏。若称臣于吴，是一辱也，若吴被魏所吞，陛下再称臣于魏，是两番之辱矣。不如不投吴而降魏。魏必裂土以封陛下，则上能自守宗庙，下可以保安黎民。愿陛下思之。”后主未决，退入宫中。

次日，众议纷然。谯周见事急，复上疏诤之。后主从谯周之言，正欲出降，忽屏风后转出一人，厉声而骂周曰：“偷生腐儒，岂可妄议社稷大事！自古安有降天子哉！”后主视之，乃第五子北地王刘谌也。后主生七子：长子刘璿，次子刘瑶，三子刘琮，四子刘瓒，五子即北地王刘谌，六子刘恂，七子刘璩。七子中惟谌自幼聪明，英敏过人，馀皆懦善。后主谓谌曰：“今大臣皆议当降，汝独仗血气之勇，欲令满城流血耶？”谌曰：“昔先帝在日，谯周未尝干预国政，今妄议大事，辄起乱言，甚非理也。臣切料成都之兵，尚有数万，姜维全师，皆在剑阁，若知魏兵犯阙，必来救应，内外攻击，可获大功。岂可听腐儒之言，轻废先帝之基业乎？”后主叱之曰：“汝小儿岂识天时！”谌叩头哭曰：“若势穷力极，祸败将及，便当父子君臣背城一战，同死社稷，以见先帝可也。奈何降乎！”后主不听。谌放声大哭曰：“先帝非容易创立基业，今一旦弃之，吾宁死不辱也！”后主令近臣推出宫门，遂令谯周作降书，遣私署侍中张绍、驸马都尉邓良同谯周赍玉玺来雒城请降。

时邓艾每日令数百铁骑来成都哨探，当日见立了降旗，艾大喜。不一时，张绍等至，艾令人迎入。三人拜伏于阶下，呈上降款玉玺。艾拆降书视之，大喜，受下玉玺，重待张绍、谯周、邓良等。艾作回书，付三人赍回成都，以安人心。三人拜辞邓艾，径还成都，入见后主，呈上回书，细言邓艾相待之善。后主拆封视之，大喜，即遣太仆蒋显赍敕令姜维早降，遣尚书郎李虎送文簿与艾：共户二十八万，男女九十四万，带甲将士十万二千，官吏四万，仓粮四十馀万，金银各二千斤，锦绮彩绢各二十万匹。馀物在库，不及具数。择十二月初一日，君臣出降。

北地王刘谌闻知，怒气冲天，乃带剑入宫。其妻崔夫人问曰：“大王今日颜色异常，何也？”谌曰：“魏兵将近，父皇已纳降款，明日君臣出降，社稷从此殄灭。吾欲先死以见先帝于地下，不屈膝于他人也！”崔夫人曰：“贤哉！贤哉！得其死矣！妾请先死，王死未迟。”谌曰：“汝何死耶？”崔夫人曰：“王死父，妾死夫，其义同也。夫亡妻死，何必问焉！”言讫，触柱而死。谌乃自杀其三子，并割妻头，提至昭烈庙中，伏地哭曰：“臣羞见基业弃于他人，故先杀妻子，以绝挂念，后将一命报祖！祖如有灵，知孙之心！”大哭一场，眼中流血，自刎而死。蜀人闻知，无不哀痛。后人有诗赞曰：

君臣甘屈膝，一子独悲伤。去矣西川事，雄哉北地王！捐身酬烈祖，搔首泣穹苍。凛凛人如在，谁云汉已亡？

后主听知北地王自刎，乃令人葬之。

次日，魏兵大至。后主率太子诸王，及群臣六十馀人，面缚舆榇[1]，出北门十里而降。邓艾扶起后主，亲解其缚，焚其舆榇，并车入城。后人有诗叹曰：

魏兵数万入川来，后主偷生失自裁。黄皓终存欺国意，姜维空负济时才。全忠义士心何烈，守节王孙志可哀。昭烈经营良不易，一朝功业顿成灰。

于是成都之人，皆具香花迎接。艾拜后主为骠骑将军，其馀文武，各随高下拜官，请后主还宫，出榜安民，交割仓库。又令太常张峻、益州别驾张绍，招安各郡军民。又令人说姜维归降。一面遣人赴洛阳报捷。艾闻黄皓奸险，欲斩之，皓用金宝赂其左右，因此得免。自是汉亡。后人因汉之亡，有追思武侯诗曰：

鱼鸟犹疑畏简书，风云长为护储胥。徒令上将挥神笔，终见降王走传车。管乐有才真不忝；关张无命欲何如！他年锦里经祠庙，《梁父》吟成恨有馀！

且说太仆蒋显到剑阁，入见姜维，传后主敕命，言归降之事，维大惊失语。帐下众将听知，一齐怨恨，咬牙怒目，须发倒竖，拔刀砍石大呼曰：“吾等死战，何故先降耶！”号哭之声，闻数十里。维见人心思汉，乃以善言抚之曰：“众将勿忧。吾有一计，可复汉室。”众皆求问。姜维与诸将附耳低言，说了计策。即于剑阁关遍竖降旗，先令人报入钟会寨中，说姜维引张翼、廖化、董厥等来降。会大喜，令人迎接维入帐，会曰：“伯约来何迟也？”维正色流涕曰：“国家全军在吾，今日至此，犹为速也。”会甚奇之，下座相拜，待为上宾。维说会曰：“闻将军自淮南以来，算无遗策，司马氏之盛，皆将军之力，维故甘心俯首。如邓士载，当与决一死战，安肯降之乎？”会遂折箭为誓，与维结为兄弟，情爱甚密，仍令照旧领兵。维暗喜，遂令蒋显回成都去了。

却说邓艾封师纂为益州刺史，牵弘、王颀等各领州郡，又于绵竹筑台以彰战功，大会蜀中诸官饮宴。艾酒至半酣，乃指众官曰：“汝等幸遇我，故有今日耳。若遇他将，必皆殄灭矣。”多官起身拜谢。忽蒋显至，说姜维自降钟镇西了，艾因此痛恨钟会，遂修书令人赍赴洛阳，致晋公司马昭。昭得书视之，书曰：

臣艾切谓兵有先声而后实者，今因平蜀之势以乘吴，此席卷之时也。然大举之后，将士疲劳，不可便用。宜留陇右兵二万、蜀兵二万，煮盐兴冶，并造舟船，预备顺流之计，然后发使，告以利害，吴可不征而定也。今宜厚待刘禅，以致孙休，若便送禅来京，吴人必疑，则于向化之心不劝。且权留之于蜀，须来年冬月抵京。今即可封禅为扶风王，锡以资财，供其左右，爵其子为公侯，以显归命之宠，则吴人畏威怀德，望风而从矣。

司马昭览毕，深疑邓艾有自专之心，乃先发手书与卫瓘，随后降封艾诏曰：

征西将军邓艾：耀威奋武，深入敌境，使僭号之主，系颈归降；兵不逾时，战不终日，云彻席卷，荡定巴、蜀。虽白起破强楚，韩信克劲赵，不足比勋也。其以艾为太尉，增邑二万户，封二子为亭侯，各食邑千户。

邓艾受诏毕，监军卫瓘取出司马昭手书与艾。书中说邓艾所言之事，须候奏报，不可辄行。艾曰：“‘将在外，君命有所不受。’吾既奉诏专征，如何阻当？”遂又作书，令来使赍赴洛阳。时朝中皆言邓艾必有反意，司马昭愈加疑忌。忽使命回，呈上邓艾之书。昭拆封视之，书曰：

艾衔命西征，元恶既服，当权宜行事，以安初附。若待国命，则往复道途，延引日月。《春秋》之义：大夫出疆，有可以安社稷、利国家，专之可也。今吴未宾，势与蜀连，不可拘常以失事机。兵法：进不求名，退不避罪。艾虽无古人之节，终不自嫌以损于国也。先此申状，见可施行。

司马昭看毕大惊，忙与贾充计议曰：“邓艾恃功而骄，任意行事，反形露矣。如之奈何？”贾充曰：“主公何不封钟会以制之？”昭从其议，遣使赍诏封会为司徒，就令卫瓘监督两路军马，以手书付瓘，使与会伺察邓艾，以防其变。会接读诏书，诏曰：

镇西将军钟会：所向无敌，前无强梁，节制众城，网罗迸逸，蜀之豪帅，面缚归命，谋无遗策，举无废功。其以会为司徒，进封县侯，增邑万户，封子二人亭侯，邑各千户。

钟会既受封，即请姜维计议曰：“邓艾功在吾之上，又封太尉之职。今司马公疑艾有反志，故令卫瓘为监军，诏吾制之。伯约有何高见？”维曰：“愚闻邓艾出身微贱，幼为农家养犊，今侥幸自阴平斜径，攀木悬崖，成此大功，非出良谋，实赖国家洪福耳。若非将军与维相拒于剑阁，艾安能成此功耶？今欲封蜀主为扶风王，乃大结蜀人之心，其反情不言可见矣。晋公疑之是也。”会深喜其言。维又曰：“请退左右，维有一事密告。”会令左右尽退，维袖中取一图与会曰：“昔日武侯出草庐时，以此图献先帝，且曰：‘益州之地，沃野千里，民殷国富，可为霸业。’先帝因此遂创成都。今邓艾至此，安得不狂？”会大喜，指问山川形势，维一一言之。会又问曰：“当以何策除艾？”维曰：“乘晋公疑忌之际，当急上表，言艾反状，晋公必令将军讨之，一举而可擒矣。”会依言，即遣人赍表进赴洛阳，言邓艾专权恣肆[2]，结好蜀人，早晚必反矣，于是朝中文武皆惊。会又令人于中途截了邓艾表文，按艾笔法，改写傲慢之辞，以实己之语。

司马昭见了邓艾表章，大怒，即遣人到钟会军前，令会收艾，又遣贾充引三万兵入斜谷，昭乃同魏主曹奂御驾亲征。西曹掾邵悌谏曰：“钟会之兵，多艾六倍，当令会收艾足矣，何必明公自行耶？”昭笑曰：“汝忘了旧日之言耶？汝曾道会后必反。吾今此行，非为艾，实为会耳。”悌笑曰：“某恐明公忘之，故以相问。今既有此意，切宜秘之，不可泄漏。”昭然其言，遂提大兵起程。时贾充亦疑钟会有变，密告司马昭。昭曰：“如遣汝，亦疑汝耶？吾到长安，自有明白。”早有细作报知钟会，说昭已至长安，会慌请姜维商议收艾之策。正是：才看西蜀收降将，又见长安动大兵。不知姜维以何策破艾，且看下文分解。

[1] 面缚舆榇——古时君主战败投降的仪式。面缚，双手捆在身背后，面朝着胜利者；舆榇，车上载着棺材：表示放弃抵抗，自请受刑。

[2] 恣肆——恣心放肆，即任意胡作非为的意思。

CHAPTER 118. Weeping At The Ancestral Temple, A Filial Prince Dies; Marching To The Western Land Of Rivers, Two Leaders Competes.

The news of the fall of Mianzhu and the deaths in battle of Zhuge Zhan and Zhuge Shang, father and son, brought home to the Latter Ruler that danger was very near, and he summoned a council.

Then the officials said, “Panic has seized upon the people, and they are leaving the city in crowds. Their cries shake the very sky.”

Sorely he felt his helplessness. Soon they reported the enemy were actually near the city, and many courtiers advised flight.

“We do not have enough troops to protect the capital. Leave the city and flee south to the Southern Land,” said they. “The country is difficult and easily defended. We can get the Mangs to come and help us.”

But High Minister Qiao Zhou opposed, saying, “No, no; that will not do. The Mangs are old rebels, ungentle; to go to them would be a calamity.”

Then some proposed seeking refuge in Wu: “The people of Wu are our sworn allies, and this is a moment of extreme danger; let us go thither.”

But Qiao Zhou also opposed this, saying, “In the whole course of past ages no Emperor has ever gone to another state. So far as I can see, Wei will presently absorb Wu, and certainly Wu will never overcome Wei. Imagine the disgrace of becoming a minister of Wu and then having to style yourself minister of Wei. It would double the mortification. Do neither. Surrender to Wei, and Wei will give Your Majesty a strip of land where the ancestral temple can be preserved, and the people will be saved from suffering. I desire Your Majesty to reflect well upon this.”

The distracted Latter Ruler retired from the council without having come to any decision. Next day confusion had become still worse. Qiao Zhou saw that matters were very urgent and presented a written memorial. The Latter Ruler accepted it and decided to yield.

But from behind a screen stepped out one of the Emperor's sons, Liu Chan, Prince of Beidi, who shouted at Qiao Zhou, “You corrupt pedant, unfit to live among people! How dare you offer such mad advice in a matter concerning the existence of a dynasty? Has any emperor ever yielded to the enemy? “

The Latter Ruler had seven sons in all, but the ablest, and the only one above the common level of people, was this Liu Chan.

The Latter Ruler turned feebly to his son and said, “The ministers have decided otherwise; they advise surrender. You are the only one who thinks that boldness may avail, and would you drench the city in blood?”

The Prince said, “While the First Ruler lived, this Qiao Zhou had no voice in state affairs. Now he gives this wild advice and talks the most subversive language. There is no reason at all in what he says, for we have in the city many legions of soldiers, and Jiang Wei is undefeated in Saber Pass. He will come to our rescue as soon as he knows our straits, and we can help him to fight. We shall surely succeed. Why listen to the words of this dryasdust? Why abandon thus lightly the work of our great forerunner?”

The Latter Ruler became angry at this harangue and turned to his son, saying, “Be silent! You are too young to understand.”

Liu Chan beat his head upon the ground and implored his father to make an effort.

“If we have done our best and defeat yet comes, if father and son, prince and minister have set their backs to the wall and died in one final effort to preserve the dynasty, then in the shades of the Nine Golden Springs we shall be able to look the First Ruler in the face, unashamed. But what if we surrender?”

The appeal left the Latter Ruler unmoved.

The Prince cried, “Is it not shameful in one day to throw down all that our ancestors built up with so great labor? I would rather die.”

The Latter Ruler, now very angry, bade the courtiers thrust the young man out of the Palace. Then he ordered Qiao Zhou to prepare the formal Act of Surrender. When it was written, three officers—Adviser Zhang Shao, Imperial Son-in-Law Deng Liang, and High Minister Qiao Zhou—were sent with it and the Hereditary Seal to the camp of Deng Ai to offer submission.

Every day Deng Ai's horsemen rode to the city to see what was afoot. It was a glad day when they returned reporting the hoisting of the flag of surrender. The general had not long to wait. The three messengers soon arrived and presented the letter announcing surrender and the seal therewith. Deng Ai read the letter with great exultation, and took possession of the seal. He treated the envoys courteously, and by their hands sent back a letter to allay any anxiety among the people. In due time they reentered the city and bore this missive to the Latter Ruler, who read it with much satisfaction. Then he sent Minister Jiang Xian to order Jiang Wei to surrender.

Li Hu, Chair of the Secretariat, carried to the victorious Deng Ai the statistical documents of the resources of the kingdom: 2,800,000 households, 9,140,000 souls, 102,000 armed soldiers of all ranks, and 40,000 civil employees. Besides, there were granaries with 4,000,000 carts of grain, treasuries with 3,000 pounds of gold and silver and 200,000 rolls of silks of many qualities, and many unenumerated but precious things in the various storehouses. Li Hu arranged that the ceremony of surrender should take place on the first day of the twelfth month.

The wrath of Prince Liu Chan swelled high as heaven when he heard that his father had actually arranged the date of his abdication. Girding on his sword, he was setting out for the Palace when his Consort, Lady Cui, stopped him, saying, “My Prince, why does your face bear this look of terrible anger?”

He replied, “The army of Wei is at the gates, and my father has made his Act of Surrender. Tomorrow he and all his ministers are going out of the city to submit formally, and the dynasty will end. But rather than bow the knee to another, I will die and go into the presence of the First Ruler in the realms below.”

“How worthy; how worthy!” replied she. “And if my lord must die, I, thy handmaid, prays that she may die first. Then may my Prince depart.”

“But why should you die?”

“The Prince dies for his father and the handmaid for her husband. One eternal principle guides us all.”

Thereupon she dashed herself against a pillar, and so she died. Then Liu Chan slew his three sons and cut off the head of his Consort that he might sever all ties to life lest he be tempted to live. Bearing the head of the princess in his hand, he went to the Temple of the First Ruler, where he bowed his head, saying, “Thy servant is ashamed at seeing the kingdom pass to another. Therefore has he slain his Consort and his sons that nothing should induce him to live and forego death.”

This announcement recited, he made yet another to his ancestors.

“My ancestors, if you have spiritual intelligence, yon know the feelings of your descendant.”

Then he wept sore till his eyes ran blood, and he committed suicide. The people of Shu grieved deeply for him, and a poet has praised his noble deed.

Both king and courtiers, willing, bowed the knee,

One son alone was grieved and would not live.

The western kingdom fell to rise no more,

A noble prince stood forth, for aye renowned

As one who died to save his forbears' shame.

With grievous mien and falling tears he bowed

His head, declaring his intent to die.

While such a memory lingers none may say

That Han has perished.

When the Latter Ruler knew of the death of his son, he sent people to bury him.

Soon the main body of the Wei army came. The Latter Ruler and all his courtiers to the number of sixty went out three miles from the north gate to bow their heads in submission, the Latter Ruler binding himself with cord and taking a coffin with him. But Deng Ai with his own hands loosened the bonds raised the Latter Ruler from the ground. The coffin was burned. Then the victorious leader and the vanquished Emperor returned into the city side by side.

Wei's legions entered Shu,

And the ruler thereof saved his life

At the price of his honor and his throne.

Huang Hao's vicious counsels had brought disaster

Against which Jiang Wei's efforts were vain.

How bright shone the loyalty of the faithful one!

How noble was the fortitude of the prince, grandson of the First Ruler!

Alas! It led him into the way of sorrow.

And the plans of the First Ruler,

Excellent and far-reaching.

Whereby he laid the foundations of a mighty state,

Were brought to nought in one day.

The common people rejoiced at the magnanimity of Deng Ai, and met the returning cavalcade with burning incense and flowers. The title of General of the Flying Cavalry was given to the Latter Ruler and other ranks were given to the ministers who had surrendered.

Deng Ai requested the Latter Ruler to issue one more proclamation from the Palace to reassure the people, and then the conquerors took formal possession of the state and its granaries and storehouses. Two officers—Governor of Yiazhou Zhang Shao and Minister Zhang Jun—were sent into the counties and territories to explain the new situation and pacify malcontents, and another messenger was sent to exhort Jiang

Wei to yield peaceably. A report of the success was sent to Luoyang.

Huang Hao, the eunuch whose evil counsels had wrought such ruin to his master, was looked upon as a danger, and Deng Ai decided to put him to death. However, Huang Hao was rich, and by means of bribes he escaped the death penalty.

Thus perished the House of Han. Reflecting on its end a poet recalled the exploits of Zhuge Liang the Martial Lord, and he wrote a poem.

The denizens of tree-tops, apes and birds,

Most lawless of crested things, yet knew

And feared his mordant pen. The clouds and winds

Conspired to aid him to defend his lord.

But nought awaited the leader's precepts, wise

To save; with base content the erstwhile king

Too soon surrendered, yielding all but life.

In gifts Zhuge Liang was peer with

Guan Zhong and Yue Yi,

His hapless death compared with

Zhang Fei's and Guan Yu's;

Sad sight, his temple on the river's brink!

It wrings the heart more than the tearful verse

Of the Liangfu songs he most loved.

In due time Jiang Xian reached the Saber Pass, and gave Jiang Wei the Latter Ruler's command to surrender to the invaders. Jiang Wei was dumb with amazement at the order; his officers ground their teeth with rage and mortification. Their hair stood on end with anger; they drew their swords and slashed at stones in their wrath, shouting, “While we are fighting to our death, the Latter Ruler has yielded!”

The roar of their angry lamentation was heard for miles. But Jiang Wei soothed them with kindly words, saying, “Generals, grieve not; even yet I can restore the House of Han.”

“How?” cried they.

And he whispered low in their ears.

The flag of surrender fluttered over the ramparts of Saber Pass, and a messenger went to Zhong Hui's camp. When Jiang Wei and his generals drew near, Zhong Hui went out to meet them.

“Why have you been so long in coming?” said Zhong Hui.

Jiang Wei looked him straight in the face and said, without a tremor, but through falling tears, “The whole armies of the state are under me, and I am here far too soon.”

Zhong Hui wondered about this firm remark, and said nothing more. The two saluted each other and took their seats, Jiang Wei being placed in the seat of honor.

Jiang Wei said, “I hear that every detail of your plans, from the time you left the South of River Huai till now, has been accomplished. The good fortune of the Sima family is owing to you, and so I am the more content to bow my head and yield to you. Had it been Deng Ai, I should have fought to the death, for I would not have surrendered to him.”

Then Zhong Hui broke an arrow in twain, and they two swore close brotherhood. Their friendship became close-knit. Jiang Wei was continued in command of his own army, at which he secretly rejoiced. And Jiang Xian went back to Chengdu.

As conqueror, Deng Ai arranged for the administration of the newly-gained territory. He made Shi Zuan Imperial Protector of Yiazhou and appointed Qian Hong, Yang Xin, and many others to various posts. He also built a tower in Mianzhu in commemoration of his conquest.

At a great banquet, where most of the guests were people of the newly-conquered land, Deng Ai drank too freely and in his cups became garrulous.

With a patronizing wave of his hand, he said to his guests, “You are lucky in that you have had to do with me. Things might well have been otherwise, and you might all have been put to death, if you surrender to other leader.”

The guests rose in a body and expressed their gratitude. Just at that moment Jiang Xian arrived from his visit to Jiang Wei to say that Jiang Wei and his army had surrendered to Zhong Hui. Deng Ai thereupon conceived a great hatred for Zhong Hui, and soon after he wrote to Luoyang a letter something like this:

“I would venture to remark that misleading rumors of war should precede actual attack. Now that Shu has been overcome, the manifest next move is against Wu, and in present circumstances victory would easily follow an attack. But after a great effort, both leaders and led are weary and unfit for immediate service. Therefore of this army twenty thousand Wei troops should be left west of Longyou, and with them twenty thousand Shu troops, to be employed in boiling salt so as to improve the finances. Moreover, ships should be built ready for an expedition down the river. When these preparations shall be complete, then send an envoy into Wu to lay before its rulers the truth about its position. It is possible that matters may be settled without any fighting.

“Further, generous treatment of Liu Shan will tend to weaken Sun Xiu; but if Liu Shan be removed to Luoyang, the people of Wu will be perplexed and doubtful about what may happen to them, and they will not be amenable. Therefore it seems the most fitting to leave the late Ruler of Shu here. Next year, in the winter season, he might be removed to the capital. For the present I would recommend that he be created Prince of Fufeng, and granted a sufficient revenue and suitable attendants. His sons also should receive ducal rank. In this way would be demonstrated that favorable treatment follows upon submission. Such a course would inspire fear of the might of Wei and respect for its virtue, and the result will be all that could be desired.”

Reading this memorial, the thought entered the mind of Sima Zhao that Deng Ai was exaggerating his own importance, wherefore he first wrote a private letter and sent it by the hand of Wei Guan to Deng Ai and then caused the Ruler of Wei to issue an edict promoting Deng Ai. The edict ran thus:

“General Deng Ai has performed a glorious exploit, penetrating deeply into a hostile country and reducing to submission a usurping potentate. This task has been quickly performed; the clouds of war have already rolled away and peace reigns throughout Ba and Shu.

“The merits of Deng Ai surpass those of Bai Qi, who subdued the mighty state of Chu, and Han Xin, who conquered the state of Zhao. Deng Ai is created Grand Commander, and we confer upon him a fief of twenty thousand homesteads, and his two sons are ennobled, each with a fief of one thousand homesteads.”

After the edict had been received with full ceremonies, Wei Guan produced the private letter, which said that Deng Ai's proposals would have suitable consideration in due time.

Then said Deng Ai, “A general in the field may decline to obey even the orders of his prince. My commission was to conquer the west; why are my plans hindered?”

So he wrote a reply and sent it to the capital by the hand of the envoy. At that time it was common talk at court that Deng Ai intended to rebel; and when Sima Zhao read the letter, his suspicions turned to certainty, and he feared. This was the letter:

“Deng Ai, General Who Conquers the West, has reduced the chief of the revolt to submission, and must have authority to act according as he sees best in order to settle the early stages of administration of the new territory. To await government orders for every step means long delays. According to the Spring and Autumn Annals a high officer, when abroad, has authority to follow his own judgment for the safety of the Throne and the advantage of the state.

“Now seeing that Wu is still unsubdued, all interest centers upon this country, and schemes of settlement should not be nullified by strict adherence to rules and formalities. In war advances are made without thought of reputation, retreats without consideration of avoiding punishment. Though I do not possess the fortitude of the ancients, I shall not be deterred from acting for the benefit of the state by craven and selfish fears for my own reputation.”

In his perplexity Sima Zhao turned to Jia Chong for advice.

Said he, “Deng Ai presumes upon his services to be haughty and imperious; his recalcitrance is very evident. What shall I do?”

“Why not order Zhong Hui to reduce him to obedience?” replied Jia Chong.

Sima Zhao accepted the suggestion and issued an edict raising Zhong Hui to Minister of the Interior. After this the Inspector of the Forces, Wei Guan, was set over both armies, with special orders to keep a watch upon Deng Ai and guard against any attempt at insubordination.

The edict sent to Zhong Hui ran as follows:

“Zhong Hui, General Who Conquers the West, against whose might none can stand, before whom no one is strong, whose virtue conquers every city, whose wide net no one escapes, to whom the valiant army of Shu humbly submitted, whose plans never fail, whose every undertaking succeeds, is hereby made Minister of the Interior and raised to the rank of lordship of a fief of ten thousand families. His two sons also have similar rank with a fief of one thousand families.”

When this edict reached Zhong Hui, he called in Jiang Wei and said to him, “Deng Ai has been rewarded more richly than I and is a Grand Commander. But Sima Zhao suspects him of rebellion and has ordered Wei Guan and myself to keep him in order. What does my friend Jiang Wei think ought to be done?”

Jiang Wei replied, “They say Deng Ai's origin was ignoble and in his youth he was a farmer and breeder of cattle. However, he had good luck and has won a great reputation in this expedition. But this is due not to his able plans, but to the good fortune of the state. If you had not been compelled to hold me in check at Saber Pass, he could not have succeeded. Now he wishes the late Ruler of Shu to be created Prince of Fufeng, whereby he hopes to win the goodwill of the people of Shu. But to me it seems that perfidy lies therein. The Duke of Jin suspects him, it is evident.”

Zhong Hui complimented him. Jiang Wei continued, “If you will send away your people, I have something to say to you in private.”

When this had been done and they two were alone, Jiang Wei drew a map from his sleeve and spread it before Zhong Hui, saying, “Long ago, before he had left his humble cot. Zhuge Liang gave this to the First Ruler and told him of the riches of Yiazhou and how well it was fitted for an independent state. Whereupon Chengdu was seized as a first step towards attaining it. Now that Deng Ai has got to the same point, it is small wonder that he has lost his balance.”

Zhong Hui asked many questions about the details of the features of the map, and Jiang Wei explained in full. Toward the end, he asked how Deng Ai could be got rid of.

“By making use of the Duke of Jin's suspicions,” replied Jiang Wei. “Send up a memorial to say that it looks as if Deng Ai really contemplated rebellion. You will receive direct orders to check the revolt.”

So a memorial was sent to Luoyang. It said that Deng Ai aimed at independence, nourished base designs, was making friends with the vanquished, and was about to revolt.

At this news the court was much disturbed. Then to support his charges, Zhong Hui's soldiers intercepted Deng Ai's letters and rewrote them in arrogant and rebellious terms. Sima Zhao was greatly angered and sent Jia Chong to lead an expedition into the Xie Valley, he ordered Zhong Hui to arrest Deng Ai, and he himself directing a great march under the leadership of the Ruler of Wei, Cao Huang, whom he compelled to go with him.

Then said Shao Ti, “Zhong Hui's army outnumbers that of Deng Ai by six to one. You need not go; you need only order Zhong Hui to arrest Deng Ai.”

“Have you forgotten?” said Sima Zhao, smiling. “You said Zhong Hui was a danger; I am not really going against Deng Ai, but against the other.”

“I feared lest you had forgotten,” said Shao Ti. “I ventured to remind you, but the matter must be kept secret.”

The expedition set out.

By this time Zhong Hui's attitude had aroused Jia Chong's suspicions, and he spoke of it to Sima Zhao, who replied, “Had I sent you, I should have felt doubts, too. However, come to Changan and you will understand.”

The dispatch of the army under Sima Zhao was reported to Zhong Hui, who wondered what it might mean. He at once called in Jiang Wei to consult about the seizure of Deng Ai.

Lo! He is victor here, a king must yield;

And there a threatening army takes the field.

The next chapter will relate the plan to arrest Deng Ai.