第二回
第二回 悟彻菩提真妙理 断魔归本合元神
话表美猴王得了姓名，怡然踊跃，对菩提前作礼启谢。那祖师即命大众引孙悟空出二门外，教他洒扫应对、进退周旋之节。众仙奉行而出。悟空到门外，又拜了大众师兄，就于廊庑之间，安排寝处。次早，与众师兄学言语礼貌，讲经论道，习字焚香，每日如此。闲时即扫地锄园，养花修树，寻柴燃火，挑水运浆。凡所用之物，无一不备。在洞中不觉倏六七年。一日，祖师登坛高坐，唤集诸仙，开讲大道。真个是：
天花乱坠，地涌金莲。妙演三乘[2]教，精微万法全。慢摇麈尾[3]喷珠玉，响振雷霆动九天。说一会道，讲一会禅，三家配合本如然。开明一字皈诚理，指引无生了性玄。
孙悟空在旁闻讲，喜得他抓耳挠腮，眉花眼笑，忍不住手之舞之，足之蹈之。忽被祖师看见，叫孙悟空道：“你在班中，怎么颠狂跃舞，不听我讲？”悟空道：“弟子诚心听讲，听到老师父妙音处，喜不自胜，故不觉作此踊跃之状。望师父恕罪！”祖师道：“你既识妙音，我且问你：你到洞中多少时了？”悟空道：“弟子本来懵懂，不知多少时节。只记得灶下无火，常去山后打柴，见一山好桃树，我在那里吃了七次饱桃矣。”祖师道：“那山唤名烂桃山。你既吃七次，想是七年了。你今要从我学些甚么道？”悟空道：“但凭尊师教诲，只是有些道气儿，弟子便就学了。”
祖师道：“‘道’字门中有三百六十傍门[4]，傍门皆有正果。不知你学那一门哩？”悟空道：“凭尊师意思。弟子倾心听从。”祖师道：“我教你个‘术’字门中之道，如何？”悟空道：“术门之道怎么说？”祖师道：“术字门中，乃是些请仙扶鸾[5]，问卜揲蓍[6]，能知趋吉避凶之理。”悟空道：“似这般可得长生么？”祖师道：“不能！不能！”悟空道：“不学！不学！”
祖师又道：“教你‘流’字门中之道，如何？”悟空又问：“流字门中，是甚义理？”祖师道：“流字门中，乃是儒家、释家、道家、阴阳家、墨家、医家，或看经，或念佛，并朝真降圣之类。”悟空道：“似这般可得长生么？”祖师道：“若要长生，也似‘壁里安柱’。”悟空道：“师父，我是个老实人，不晓得打市语[7]。怎么谓之‘壁里安柱’？”祖师道：“人家盖房，欲图坚固，将墙壁之间，立一顶柱，有日大厦将颓，他必朽矣。”悟空道：“据此说，也不长久。不学！不学！”
祖师道：“教你‘静’字门中之道，如何？”悟空道：“静字门中，是甚正果？”祖师道：“此是休粮[8]守谷[9]，清静无为，参禅打坐，戒语持斋，或睡功，或立功，并入定[10]坐关[11]之类。”悟空道：“这般也能长生么？”祖师道：“也似‘窑头土坯’。”悟空笑道：“师父果有些滴[12]。一行[13]说我不会打市语。怎么谓之‘窑头土坯’？”祖师道：“就如那窑头上，造成砖瓦之坯，虽已成形，尚未经水火煅炼，一朝大雨滂沱，他必滥矣。”悟空道：“也不长远。不学！不学！”
祖师道：“教你‘动’字门中之道，如何？”悟空道：“动门之道，却又怎么？”祖师道：“此是有为有作，采阴补阳，攀弓踏弩，摩脐过气，用方炮制，烧茅打鼎，进红铅[14]，炼秋石[15]，并服妇乳之类。”悟空道：“似这等也得长生么？”祖师道：“此欲长生，亦如‘水中捞月’。”悟空道：“师父又来了！怎么叫做‘水中捞月’？”祖师道：“月在长空，水中有影，虽然看见，只是无捞摸处，到底只成空耳。”悟空道：“也不学！不学！”
祖师闻言，咄的一声，跳下高台，手持戒尺，指定悟空道：“你这猢狲，这般不学，那般不学，却待怎么？”走上前，将悟空头上打了三下，倒背着手，走入里面，将中门关了，撇下大众而去。唬得那一班听讲的，人人惊惧，皆怨悟空道：“你这泼猴，十分无状[16]！师父传你道法，如何不学，却与师父顶嘴？这番冲撞了他，不知几时才出来呵！”此时俱甚报怨他，又鄙贱嫌恶他。悟空一些儿也不恼，只是满脸赔笑。原来那猴王，已打破盘中之谜，暗暗在心，所以不与众人争竞，只是忍耐无言。祖师打他三下者，教他三更时分存心；倒背着手，走入里面，将中门关上者，教他从后门进步，秘处传他道也。
当日悟空与众等喜喜欢欢，在三星仙洞之前，盼望天色，急不能到晚。及黄昏时，却与众就寝，假合眼，定息存神。山中又没支更传箭[17]，不知时分，只自家将鼻孔中出入之气调定。约到子时前后，轻轻的起来，穿了衣服，偷开前门，躲离大众，走出外，抬头观看。正是那：
月明清露冷，八极[18]迥无尘。
深树幽禽宿，源头水溜分。
飞萤光散影，过雁字排云。
正值三更候，应该访道真。
你看他从旧路径至后门外，只见那门儿半开半掩。悟空喜道：“老师父果然注意与我传道，故此开着门也。”即曳步近前，侧身进得门里，只走到祖师寝榻之下。见祖师踡跼身躯，朝里睡着了。悟空不敢惊动，即跪在榻前。那祖师不多时觉来，舒开两足，口中自吟道：
“难！难！难！道最玄，莫把金丹作等闲。不遇至人传妙诀，空言口困舌头干！”
悟空应声叫道：“师父，弟子在此跪候多时。”祖师闻得声音是悟空即起，披衣盘坐，喝道：“这猢狲！你不在前边去睡，却来我这后边作甚？”悟空道：“师父昨日坛前对众相允，教弟子三更时候，从后门里传我道理，故此大胆径拜老爷榻下。”祖师听说，十分欢喜，暗自寻思道：“这厮[19]果然是个天地生成的！不然，何就打破我盘中之暗谜也？”悟空道：“此间更无六耳，止只弟子一人，望师父大舍慈悲，传与我长生之道罢，永不忘恩！”祖师道：“你今有缘，我亦喜说。既识得盘中暗谜，你近前来，仔细听之，当传与你长生之妙道也。”悟空叩头谢了，洗耳用心，跪于榻下。祖师云：
“显密圆通真妙诀，惜修性命无他说。
都来总是精炁[20]神，谨固牢藏休漏泄。
休漏泄，体中藏，汝受吾传道自昌。
口诀记来多有益，屏除邪欲得清凉。
得清凉，光皎洁，好向丹台赏明月。
月藏玉兔日藏乌，自有龟蛇相盘结。
相盘结，性命坚，却能火里种金莲。
攒簇五行颠倒用，功完随作佛和仙。”
此时说破根源，悟空心灵福至，切切记了口诀，对祖师拜谢深恩，即出后门观看。但见东方天色微舒白，西路金光大显明。依旧路，转到前门，轻轻的推开进去，坐在原寝之处，故将床铺摇响道：“天光了！天光了！起耶！”那大众还正睡哩，不知悟空已得了好事。当日起来打混，暗暗维持，子前午后，自己调息。
却早过了三年，祖师复登宝座，与众说法。谈的是公案比语，论的是外像[21]包皮[22]。忽问：“悟空何在？”悟空近前跪下：“弟子有。”祖师道：“你这一向修些甚么道来？”悟空道：“弟子近来法性颇通，根源亦渐坚固矣。”祖师道：“你既通法性，会得根源，已注神体，却只是防备着‘三灾利害’。”悟空听说，沉吟良久道：“师父之言谬矣。我尝闻道高德隆，与天同寿；水火既济，百病不生，却怎么有个‘三灾利害’？”祖师道：“此乃非常之道：夺天地之造化，侵日月之玄机；丹成之后，鬼神难容。虽驻颜益寿，但到了五百年后，天降雷灾打你，须要见性明心，预先躲避。躲得过，寿与天齐；躲不过，就此绝命。再五百年后，天降火灾烧你。这火不是天火，亦不是凡火，唤做‘阴火’。自本身涌泉穴[23]下烧起，直透泥垣宫[24]，五脏成灰，四肢皆朽，把千年苦行，俱为虚幻。再五百年，又降风灾吹你。这风不是东西南北风，不是和薰金朔风，亦不是花柳松竹风，唤做‘赑风’[25]。自囟门中吹入六腑[26]，过丹田[27]，穿九窍[28]，骨肉消疏，其身自解。所以都要躲过。”悟空闻说，毛骨竦然，叩头礼拜道：“万望老爷垂悯，传与躲避三灾之法，到底不敢忘恩。”祖师道：“此亦无难。只是你比他人不同，故传不得。”悟空道：“我也头圆顶天，足方履地，一般有九窍四肢，五脏六腑，何以比人不同？”祖师道：“你虽然像人，却比人少腮。”原来那猴子孤拐面[29]，凹脸尖嘴。悟空伸手一摸，笑道：“师父没成算！我虽少腮，却比人多这个素袋[30]，亦可准折过也。”祖师说：“也罢！你要学那一般？有一般天罡数，该三十六般变化；有一般地煞数，该七十二般变化。”悟空道：“弟子愿多里捞摸，学一个地煞变化罢。”祖师道：“既如此，上前来，传与你口诀。”遂附耳低言，不知说了些甚么妙法。这猴王也是他一窍通时百窍通，当时习了口诀，自修自炼，将七十二般变化，都学成了。
忽一日，祖师与众门人在三星洞前戏玩晚景。祖师道：“悟空，事成了未曾？”悟空道：“多蒙师父海恩，弟子功果完备，已能霞举飞升也。”祖师道：“你试飞举我看。”悟空弄本事，将身一耸，打了个连扯跟头，跳离地有五六丈，踏云霞去够有顿饭之时，返复不上三里远近，落在面前，扠手[31]道：“师父，这就是飞举腾云了。”祖师笑道：“这个算不得腾云，只算得爬云而已。自古道：‘神仙朝游北海暮苍梧。’似你这半日，去不上三里，即爬云也还算不得哩！”悟空道：“怎么为‘朝游北海暮苍梧’？”祖师道：“凡腾云之辈，早辰起自北海，游过东海、西海、南海，复转苍梧。苍梧者，却是北海零陵之语话也。将四海之外，一日都游遍，方算得腾云。”悟空道：“这个却难！却难！”祖师道：“世上无难事，只怕有心人。”悟空闻得此言，叩头礼拜，启道：“师父，‘为人须为彻’，索性舍个大慈悲，将此腾云之法，一发传与我罢，决不敢忘恩。”祖师道：“凡诸仙腾云，皆跌足而起，你却不是这般。我才见你去，连扯方才跳上。我今只就你这个势，传你个‘筋斗云’罢。”悟空又礼拜恳求。祖师却又传个口诀道：“这朵云，捻着诀，念动真言，攒紧了拳，将身一抖，跳将起来，一筋斗就有十万八千里路哩！”大众听说，一个个嘻嘻笑道：“悟空造化！若会这个法儿，与人家当铺兵[32]，送文书，递报单，不管那里都寻了饭吃！”师徒们天昏各归洞府。这一夜，悟空即运神炼法，会了筋斗云。逐日家无拘无束，自在逍遥，此亦长生之美。
一日，春归夏至，大众都在松树下会讲多时。大众道：“悟空，你是那世修来的缘法？前日老师父附耳低言，传与你的躲三灾变化之法，可都会么？”悟空笑道：“不瞒诸兄长说，一则是师父传授，二来也是我昼夜殷勤，那几般儿都会了。”大众道：“趁此良时，你试演演，让我等看看。”悟空闻说，抖擞精神，卖弄手段道：“众师兄请出个题目。要我变化甚么？”大众道：“就变棵松树罢。”悟空捻着诀，念动咒语，摇身一变，就变做一棵松树。真个是：
郁郁含烟贯四时，凌云直上秀贞姿。
全无一点妖猴像，尽是经霜耐雪枝。
大众见了，鼓掌呵呵大笑，都道：“好猴儿！好猴儿！”不觉的嚷闹，惊动了祖师。祖师急拽杖出门来问道：“是何人在此喧哗？”大众闻呼，慌忙检束，整衣向前。悟空也现了本相，杂在丛中道：“启上尊师，我等在此会讲，更无外姓喧哗。”祖师怒喝道：“你等大呼大叫，全不像个修行的体段！修行的人，口开神气散，舌动是非生。如何在此嚷笑？”大众道：“不敢瞒师父，适才孙悟空演变化耍子。教他变棵松树，果然是棵松树。弟子每[33]俱称扬喝采，故高声惊冒尊师，望乞恕罪。”祖师道：“你等起去。”叫：“悟空，过来！我问你：弄甚么精神，变甚么松树？这个工夫，可好在人前卖弄？假如你见别人有，不要求他？别人见你有，必然求你。你若畏祸，却要传他；若不传他，必然加害：你之性命又不可保。”悟空叩头道：“只望师父恕罪！”祖师道：“我也不罪你，但只是你去罢。”悟空闻此言，满眼堕泪道：“师父，教我往那里去？”祖师道：“你从那里来，便从那里去就是了。”悟空顿然醒悟道：“我自东胜神洲傲来国花果山水帘洞来的。”祖师道：“你快回去，全你性命；若在此间，断然不可！”悟空领罪，上告尊师：“我也离家有二十年矣，虽是回顾旧日儿孙，但念师父厚恩未报，不敢去。”祖师道：“那里甚么恩义？你只不惹祸不牵带我就罢了！”
悟空见没奈何，只得拜辞，与众相别。祖师道：“你这去，定生不良。凭你怎么惹祸行凶，却不许说是我的徒弟。你说出半个字来，我就知之，把你这猢狲剥皮剉骨，将神魂贬在九幽之处，教你万劫不得番身！”悟空道：“决不敢提起师父一字，只说是我自家会的便罢。”
悟空谢了，即抽身，捻着诀，丢个连扯，纵起筋斗云，径回东胜。那里消一个时辰，早看见花果山水帘洞。美猴王自知快乐，暗暗的自称道：
“去时凡骨凡胎重，得道身轻体亦轻。
举世无人肯立志，立志修玄玄自明。
当年过海波难进，今日回来甚易行。
别语叮咛还在耳，何期顷刻见东溟。”
悟空按下云头，直至花果山，找路而走。忽听得鹤唳猿啼，鹤唳声冲霄汉外，猿啼悲切甚伤情。即开口叫道：“孩儿们，我来了也！”那崖下石坎边，花草中，树木里，若大若小之猴，跳出千千万万，把个美猴王围在当中，叩头叫道：“大王，你好宽心！怎么一去许久？把我们俱闪[34]在这里，望你诚如饥渴！近来被一妖魔在此欺虐，强要占我们水帘洞府。是我等舍死忘生，与他争斗。这些时，被那厮抢了我们家火，捉了许多子侄，教我们昼夜无眠，看守家业。幸得大王来了！大王若再年载不来，我等连山洞尽属他人矣！”悟空闻说，心中大怒道：“是甚么妖魔，辄敢无状！你且细细说来，待我寻他报仇。”众猴叩头：“告上大王，那厮自称混世魔王，住居在直北下。”悟空道：“此间到他那里，有多少路程？”众猴道：“他来时云，去时雾，或风或雨，或电或雷，我等不知有多少路。”悟空道：“既如此，你们休怕，且自顽耍，等我寻他去来！”
好猴王，将身一纵跳起去，一路筋斗，直至北下观看，见一座高山，真是十分险峻。好山：
笔峰挺立，曲涧深沉。笔峰挺立透空霄，曲涧深沉通地户。两崖花木争奇，几处松篁斗翠。左边龙，熟熟驯驯；右边虎，平平伏伏。每见铁牛耕，常有金钱种。幽禽睆[35]声，丹凤朝阳立。石磷磷，波净净，古怪跷蹊真恶狞。世上名山无数多，花开花谢蘩还众。争如此景永长存，八节四时浑不动。诚为三界[36]坎源山，滋养五行水脏洞！
美猴王正默观看景致，只听得有人言语。径自下山寻觅，原来那陡崖之前，乃是那水脏洞。洞门外有几个小妖跳舞，见了悟空就走。悟空道：“休走！借你口中言，传我心内事。我乃正南方花果山水帘洞洞主。你家甚么混世鸟魔，屡次欺我儿孙，我特寻来，要与他见个上下！”
那小妖听说，疾忙跑入洞里，报道，“大王！祸事了！”魔王道：“有甚祸事？”小妖道：“洞外有猴头称为花果山水帘洞洞主。他说你屡次欺他儿孙，特来寻你见个上下哩。”魔王笑道：“我常闻得那些猴精说他有个大王，出家修行去，想是今番来了。你们见他怎生打扮，有甚器械？”小妖道：“他也没甚么器械，光着个头，穿一领红色衣，勒一条黄丝绦，足下踏一对乌靴，不僧不俗，又不像道士神仙，赤手空拳，在门外叫哩。”魔王闻说：“取我披挂兵器来！”那小妖即时取出。那魔王穿了甲胄，绰[37]刀在手，与众妖出得门来，即高声叫道：“那个是水帘洞洞主？”悟空急睁睛观看，只见那魔王：
头戴乌金盔，映日光明；身挂皂罗袍，迎风飘荡。下穿着黑铁甲，紧勒皮条；足踏着花褶靴，雄如上将。腰广十围，身高三丈。手执一口刀，锋刃多明亮。称为混世魔，磊落凶模样。
猴王喝道：“这泼魔这般眼大，看不见老孙！”魔王见了，笑道：“你身不满四尺，年不过三旬，手内又无兵器，怎么大胆猖狂，要寻我见甚么上下？”悟空骂道：“你这泼魔，原来没眼！你量我小，要大却也不难。你量我无兵器，我两只手勾着天边月哩！你不要怕，只吃老孙一拳！”纵一纵，跳上去，劈脸就打。那魔王伸手架住道：“你这般矬矮，我这般高长，你要使拳，我要使刀，使刀就杀了你，也吃人笑。待我放下刀，与你使路拳看。”悟空道：“说得是。好汉子！走来！”那魔王丢开架手[38]便打，这悟空钻进去相撞相迎。他两个拳捶脚踢，一冲一撞。原来长拳空大，短簇坚牢。那魔王被悟空掏短胁，撞丫裆，几下筋节，把他打重了。他闪过，拿起那板大的钢斧，望悟空劈头就砍。悟空急撤身，他砍了一个空。悟空见他凶猛，即使身外身法，拔一把毫毛，丢在口中嚼碎，望空喷去，叫一声：“变！”即变做三二百个小猴，周围攒簇。
原来人得仙体，出神变化无方。不知这猴王自从了道之后，身上有八万四千毛羽，根根能变，应物随心。那些小猴，眼乖会跳，刀来砍不着，枪去不能伤。你看他前踊后跃，钻上去，把个魔王围绕，抱的抱，扯的扯，钻裆的钻裆，扳脚的扳脚，踢打挦毛，抠眼睛，捻鼻子，抬鼓弄[39]，直打做一个攒盘[40]。这悟空才去夺得他的刀来，分开小猴，照顶门一下，砍为两段。领众杀进洞中，将那大小妖精，尽皆剿灭。却把毫毛一抖，收上身来。又见那收不上身者，却是那魔王在水帘洞擒去的小猴，悟空道：“汝等何为到此？”约有三五十个，都含泪道：“我等因大王修仙去后，这两年被他争吵，把我们都摄将来。那不是我们洞中的家火？石盆、石碗都被这厮拿来也。”悟空道：“既是我们的家火，你们都搬出外去。”随即洞里放起火来，把那水脏洞烧得枯干，尽归了一体。对众道：“汝等跟我回去。”众猴道：“大王，我们来时，只听得耳边风响，虚飘飘到于此地，更不识路径，今怎得回乡？”悟空道：“这是他弄的个术法儿，有何难也！我如今一窍通，百窍通，我也会弄。你们都合了眼，休怕！”
好猴王，念声咒语，驾阵狂风，云头落下，叫：“孩儿们，睁眼。”众猴脚实地[41]，认得是家乡，个个欢喜，都奔洞门旧路。那在洞众猴，都一齐簇拥同入，分班序齿，礼拜猴王。安排酒果，接风贺喜，启问降魔救子之事。悟空备细言了一遍，众猴称扬不尽，道：“大王去到那方，不意学得这般手段！”悟空又道：“我当年别汝等，随波逐流，飘过东洋大海，径至南赡部洲，学成人像，着此衣，穿此履，摆摆摇摇，云游了八九年馀，更不曾有道；又渡西洋大海，到西牛贺洲地界，访问多时，幸遇一老祖，传了我与天同寿的真功果，不死长生的大法门。”众猴称贺。都道：“万劫难逢也！”悟空又笑道：“小的们，又喜我这一门皆有姓氏。”众猴道：“大王姓甚？”悟空道：“我今姓孙，法名悟空。”众猴闻说，鼓掌忻然道：“大王是老孙，我们都是二孙、三孙、细孙、小孙——一家孙、一国孙、一窝孙矣！”都来奉承老孙，大盆小碗的椰子酒、葡萄酒、仙花、仙果，真个是合家欢乐！咦：
贯通一姓身归本，只待荣迁仙箓[42]名。
毕竟不知怎生结果，居此界终始如何，且听下回分解。
[1] 元神：道教的说法。人的灵魂经过了修炼的叫做元神。成仙得道的人，他的元神就能够离开肉体自由来去。
[2] 三乘：佛教术语。乘，是载运的意思，佛教认为用佛法可以把修行的人载运到佛、仙的世界中去。由于修行程度和方法有所不同，因此分作大乘、中乘、小乘，总名叫三乘。
[3] 麈（zhǔ）尾：又名拂尘。古人清谈时用以驱虫、掸尘的工具，后相沿成文人手持的雅器。
[4] 傍门：道教术语。道教认为只有“金丹一道是条修行正路”，其馀皆是外道、傍门，不能成正果。
[5] 扶鸾：两人执丁字木笔在沙盘上写字叫扶鸾，或扶乩、扶箕。是一种迷信求神以问吉凶的方法。
[6] 揲（shé）蓍（shī）：古人用五十根蓍草卜卦，先拿出一根，再把四十九根分作两部分，然后四根一数，以定阴爻或阳爻。这种动作叫做揲蓍。
[7] 市语：古代行帮使用的隐语。
[8] 休粮：即“避谷”，停止进食物。道家的修炼方法之一。
[9] 守谷：谷，养。守谷，就是养五脏神。道教认为可以达到不死的修炼方法之一。
[10] 入定：佛教术语。指闭目打坐时，内心安静，意念专注而无杂念的状态。
[11] 坐关：僧、道的修行方法之一。修行者把自己禁闭在只能容身的小屋中，在一定的、相当长的时间内与外界隔绝，叫做坐关。
[12] 滴：噜苏、不爽快。也作滴答。
[13] 一行：一径、一向、一直。有时也作已经（第三十六回）解释。
[14] 红铅：道教术语。指女人月经。
[15] 秋石：用男人的尿熬炼成的药品。
[16] 无状：没有礼貌。
[17] 传箭：我国古代计量时间，用铜壶滴漏的方法：在壶中立上刻着度数的箭，等到壶中水退，看见箭上露出的度数，便知道时刻变化。传箭，就是报告时间。
[18] 八极：古人认为九州之外有八寅，八寅之外有八纮，八纮之外有八极。八极是八方最远的地方。
[19] 厮：对男子的贱称。犹如说小子、家伙。
[20] 炁：同“气”。古人用“炁”来表示先天之气，即元气。
[21] 外像：像同“相”。佛教术语，指善、恶、美、丑表现在身上的，和行动语言表现在外表上的。
[22] 包皮：指表皮以外，与外像义同。
[23] 涌泉穴：指足心。
[24] 泥垣宫：指囟（xìn）门，就是儿童顶心跳动的地方。又作泥丸宫。
[25] 赑（bì）风：佛、道家所谓三劫（灾）中的风劫。
[26] 六腑：古人以胆、胃、大肠、小肠、膀胱、三焦为六腑。也作六府。
[27] 丹田：指肚脐以下三寸的地方。
[28] 九窍：道家认为耳、鼻、眼、口及肛门、小便为九窍。
[29] 孤拐面：孤拐面、拐子脸（第二十回）、孤拐脸（第三十六回）、骨挝脸（第六十七回），这四个形容猴头的词，是从“脚孤拐”一词衍化来的，都是指一个凸出、下尖的形状而言的。
[30] 素袋：素当作嗉，即动物的嗉囊。后文第三十九回的金丹，即从素袋中吐出。
[31] 扠手：两手交叉放在胸前，是表示恭敬的拱手姿势。
[32] 铺兵：元代在军事紧急时，设置“急递铺”的驿站，每日最快要走四百里。在“急递铺”专送紧急文件的叫铺兵（急递铺见后文第三十五回）。
[33] 每：同“们”。宋元时口语。
[34] 闪：这里作撇下解释。
[35] （xiàn）睆（huàn）：清和婉转的鸟鸣声。
[36] 三界：佛教术语。佛教认为一般的人生死往来的世界，分为三界：欲界（包括所谓的地狱在内），色界，无色界。此处即指人间世界。
[37] 绰：就是用手抄、抓、提。指不费力地、轻巧地弄到或捉走而言。
[38] 架手：架式。
[39] 抬鼓弄：许多人把一个人抬起来让他翻倒叫抬鼓弄。
[40] 攒盘：四面围着打。
[41] （xǐ）：踩，踏。
[42] 箓（lù）：簿书、簿册。道家认为“得道”之后，被用素（帛）书记载到仙册上叫做登仙箓。
CHAPTER 2. Fully awoke to Bodhi’s wondrous truths; He cuts off Māra, returns to the root, and joins Primal Spirit.1
Now we were speaking of the Handsome Monkey King, who, having received his name, jumped about joyfully and went forward to give Subodhi his grateful salutation. The Patriarch then ordered the congregation to lead Sun Wukong outdoors and to teach him how to sprinkle water on the ground and dust, and how to speak and move with proper courtesy. The company of immortals obediently went outside with Wukong, who then bowed to his fellow students. They prepared thereafter a place in the corridor where he might sleep. Next morning he began to learn from his schoolmates the arts of language and etiquette. He discussed with them the scriptures and the doctrines; he practiced calligraphy and burned incense. Such was his daily routine. In more leisurely moments he would be sweeping the grounds or hoeing the garden, planting flowers or pruning trees, gathering firewood or lighting fires, fetching water or carrying drinks. He did not lack for whatever he needed, and thus he lived in the cave without realizing that six or seven years had slipped by. One day the Patriarch ascended the platform and took his high seat. Calling together all the immortals, he began to lecture on a great doctrine. He spoke
With words so florid and eloquent
That gold lotus sprang up from the ground.
The doctrine of three vehicles he subtly rehearsed,2
Including even the laws’ minutest tittle.
The yak’s-tail3 waved slowly and spouted elegance:
His thunderous voice moved e’en the Ninth Heaven.
For a while he lectured on Dao;
For a while he spoke on Chan—
To harmonize the Three Parties4 is a natural thing.
One word’s elucidation filled with truth
Points to the birthless showing nature’s mystery.
Wukong, who was standing there and listening, was so pleased with the talk that he scratched his ear and rubbed his jaw. Grinning from ear to ear, he could not refrain from dancing on all fours! Suddenly the Patriarch saw this and called out to him, “Why are you madly jumping and dancing in the ranks and not listening to my lecture?” Wukong said, “Your pupil was devoutly listening to the lecture. But when I heard such wonderful things from my reverend master, I couldn’t contain myself for joy and started to leap and prance about quite unconsciously. May the master forgive my sins!”
“Let me ask you,” said the Patriarch, “if you comprehend these wonderful things, do you know how long you have been in this cave?” Wukong said, “Your pupil is basically feeble-minded and does not know the number of seasons. I only remember that whenever the fire burned out in the stove, I would go to the back of the mountain to gather firewood. Finding a mountainful of fine peach trees there, I have eaten my fill of peaches seven times.” The Patriarch said, “That mountain is named the Ripe Peach Mountain. If you have eaten your fill seven times, I suppose it must have been seven years. What kind of Daoist art would you like to learn from me?” Wukong said, “I am dependent on the admonition of my honored teacher. Your pupil would gladly learn whatever has a smidgen of Daoist flavor.”
The Patriarch said, “Within the tradition of Dao, there are three hundred and sixty heteronomous divisions, all the practices of which may result in Illumination. I don’t know which division you would like to follow.” “I am dependent on the will of my honored teacher,” said Wukong. “Your pupil is wholeheartedly obedient.” “How would it be,” said the Patriarch, “if I taught you the practice of the Method division?” Wukong asked, “How would you explain the practice of the Method division?” “The practice of the Method division,” said the Patriarch, “consists of summoning immortals and working the planchette, of divination by manipulating yarrow stalks, and of learning the secrets of pursuing good and avoiding evil.” “Can this sort of practice lead to immortality?” asked Wukong. “Impossible! Impossible!” said the Patriarch. “I won’t learn it then,” Wukong said.
“How would it be,” said the Patriarch again, “if I taught you the practice of the Schools division?” “What is the meaning of the Schools division?” asked Wukong. “The Schools division,” the Patriarch said, “includes the Confucians, the Buddhists, the Daoists, the Dualists, the Mohists, and the Physicians. They read scriptures or recite prayers; they interview priests or conjure up saints and the like.” “Can this sort of practice lead to immortality?” asked Wukong. The Patriarch said, “If immortality is what you desire, this practice is like setting a pillar inside a wall.” Wukong said, “Master, I’m a simple fellow and I don’t know the idioms of the marketplace. What’s setting a pillar inside a wall?” The Patriarch said, “When people build houses and want them to be sturdy, they place a pillar as a prop inside the wall. But someday the big mansion will decay, and the pillar too will rot.” “What you’re saying then,” Wukong said, “is that it is not long-lasting. I’m not going to learn this.”
The Patriarch said, “How would it be if I taught you the practice of the Silence division?” “What’s the aim of the Silence division?” Wukong asked. “To cultivate fasting and abstinence,” said the Patriarch, “quiescence and inactivity, meditation and the art of cross-legged sitting, restraint of language, and a vegetarian diet. There are also the practices of yoga, exercises standing or prostrate, entrance into complete stillness, contemplation in solitary confinement, and the like.” “Can these activities,” asked Wukong, “bring about immortality?” “They are no better than the unfired bricks on the kiln,” said the Patriarch. Wukong laughed and said, “Master indeed loves to beat about the bush! Haven’t I just told you that I don’t know these idioms of the marketplace? What do you mean by the unfired bricks on the kiln?” The Patriarch replied, “The tiles and the bricks on the kiln may have been molded into shape, but if they have not been refined by water and fire, a heavy rain will one day make them crumble.” “So this too lacks permanence,” said Wukong. “I don’t want to learn it.”
The Patriarch said, “How would it be if I taught you the practice of the Action division?” “What’s it like in the Action division?” Wukong asked. “Plenty of activities,” said the Patriarch, “such as gathering the yin to nourish the yang, bending the bow and treading the arrow, and rubbing the navel to pass breath. There are also experimentation with alchemical formulas, burning rushes and forging cauldrons, taking red lead, making autumn stone, and drinking bride’s milk and the like.”5 “Can such bring about long life?” asked Wukong. “To obtain immortality from such activities,” said the Patriarch, “is also like scooping the moon from the water.” “There you go again, Master!” cried Wukong. “What do you mean by scooping the moon from the water?” The Patriarch said, “When the moon is high in the sky, its reflection is in the water. Although it is visible therein, you cannot scoop it out or catch hold of it, for it is but an illusion.” “I won’t learn that either!” said Wukong.
When the Patriarch heard this, he uttered a cry and jumped down from the high platform. He pointed the ruler he held in his hands at Wukong and said to him: “What a mischievous monkey you are! You won’t learn this and you won’t learn that! Just what is it that you are waiting for?” Moving forward, he hit Wukong three times on the head. Then he folded his arms behind his back and walked inside, closing the main doors behind him and leaving the congregation stranded outside. Those who were listening to the lecture were so terrified that everyone began to berate Wukong. “You reckless ape!” they cried, “you’re utterly without manners! The master was prepared to teach you magic secrets. Why weren’t you willing to learn? Why did you have to argue with him instead? Now you have offended him, and who knows when he’ll come out again?” At that moment they all resented him and despised and ridiculed him. But Wukong was not angered in the least and only replied with a broad grin. For the Monkey King, in fact, had already solved secretly, as it were, the riddle in the pot; he therefore did not quarrel with the other people but patiently held his tongue. He reasoned that the master, by hitting him three times, was telling him to prepare himself for the third watch; and by folding his arms behind his back, walking inside, and closing the main doors, was telling him to enter by the back door so that he might receive instruction in secret.
Wukong spent the rest of the day happily with the other pupils in front of the Divine Cave of the Three Stars, eagerly waiting for the night. When evening arrived, he immediately retired with all the others, pretending to be asleep by closing his eyes, breathing evenly, and remaining completely still. Since there was no watchman in the mountain to beat the watch or call the hour, he could not tell what time it was. He could only rely on his own calculations by counting the breaths he inhaled and exhaled. Approximately at the hour of Zi,6 he arose very quietly and put on his clothes. Stealthily opening the front door, he slipped away from the crowd and walked outside. Lifting his head, he saw
The bright moon and the cool, clear dew,
Though in each corner not one speck of dust.
Sheltered fowls roosted in the woods;
A brook flowed gently from its source.
Darting fireflies dispersed the gloom.
Wild geese spread word columns through the clouds.
Precisely it was the third-watch hour—
Time to seek the Way whole and true.
You see him following the familiar path back to the rear entrance, where he discovered that the door was, indeed, ajar. Wukong said happily, “The reverend master truly intended to give me instruction. That’s why the door was left open.” He reached the door in a few large strides and entered sideways. Walking up to the Patriarch’s bed, he found him asleep with his body curled up, facing the wall. Wukong dared not disturb him; instead, he knelt before his bed. After a little while, the Patriarch awoke. Stretching his legs, he recited to himself:
“Hard! Hard! Hard!
The Way is most obscure!
Deem not the gold elixir a common thing.
Without a perfect man’s transmiting a subtle rune,
You’d have vain words, worn mouth, and tongue waxed dry!”
“Master,” Wukong responded at once. “Your pupil has been kneeling here and waiting on you for a long time.” When the Patriarch heard Wukong’s voice, he rose and put on his clothes. “You mischievous monkey!” he exclaimed, sitting down cross-legged, “Why aren’t you sleeping in front? What are you doing back here at my place?” Wukong replied, “Before the platform and the congregation yesterday, the master gave the order that your pupil, at the hour of the third watch, should come here through the rear entrance in order that he might be instructed. I was therefore bold enough to come directly to the master’s bed.”
When the Patriarch heard this, he was terribly pleased, thinking to himself, “This fellow is indeed an offspring of Heaven and Earth. If not, how could he solve so readily the riddle in my pot!” “There is no third party here save your pupil,” Wukong said. “May the master be exceedingly merciful and impart to me the way of long life. I shall never forget this gracious favor.” “Since you have solved the riddle in the pot,” said the Patriarch, “it is an indication that you are destined to learn, and I am glad to teach you. Come closer and listen carefully. I will impart to you the wondrous way of long life.” Wukong kowtowed to express his gratitude, washed his ears, and listened most attentively, kneeling before the bed. The Patriarch said:
“This bold, secret saying that’s wondrous and true:
Spare, nurse nature and life—there’s nothing else.
All power resides in the semen, breath, and spirit;
Store these securely lest there be a leak.
Lest there be a leak!
Keep within the body!
Heed my teaching and the Way itself will thrive.
Hold fast oral formulas so useful and keen
To purge concupiscence, to reach pure cool;
To pure cool
Where the light is bright.
You’ll face the elixir platform, enjoying the moon.7
The moon holds the jade rabbit, the sun, the crow;8
The tortoise and snake are now tightly entwined.9
Tightly entwined,
Nature and life are strong.
You can plant gold lotus e’en in the midst of flames.
Squeeze the Five Phases jointly, use them back and forth—10
When that’s done, be a Buddha or immortal at will!”
At that moment, the very origin was disclosed to Wukong, whose mind became spiritualized as blessedness came to him. He carefully committed to memory all the oral formulas. After kowtowing to thank the Patriarch, he left by the rear entrance. As he went out, he saw that
The eastern sky began to pale with light,
But golden beams shone on the Westward Way.
Following the same path, he returned to the front door, pushed it open quietly, and went inside. He sat up in his sleeping place and purposely rustled the bed and the covers, crying, “It’s light! It’s light! Get up!” All the other people were still sleeping and did not know that Wukong had received a good thing. He played the fool that day after getting up, but he persisted in what he had learned secretly by doing breathing exercises before the hour of Zi and after the hour of Wu.11
Three years went by swiftly, and the Patriarch again mounted his throne to lecture to the multitude. He discussed the scholastic deliberations and parables, and he discoursed on the integument of external conduct. Suddenly he asked, “Where’s Wukong?” Wukong drew near and knelt down. “Your pupil’s here,” he said. “What sort of art have you been practicing lately?” the Patriarch asked. “Recently,” Wukong said, “your pupil has begun to apprehend the nature of all things and my foundational knowledge has become firmly established.” “If you have penetrated to the dharma nature to apprehend the origin,” said the Patriarch, “you have, in fact, entered into the divine substance. You need, however, to guard against the danger of three calamities.” When Wukong heard this, he thought for a long time and said, “The words of the master must be erroneous. I have frequently heard that when one is learned in the Way and excels in virtue, he will enjoy the same age as Heaven; fire and water cannot harm him and every kind of disease will vanish. How can there be this danger of three calamities?”
“What you have learned,” said the Patriarch, “is no ordinary magic: you have stolen the creative powers of Heaven and Earth and invaded the dark mysteries of the sun and moon. Your success in perfecting the elixir is something that the gods and the demons cannot countenance. Though your appearance will be preserved and your age lengthened, after five hundred years Heaven will send down the calamity of thunder to strike you. Hence you must be intelligent and wise enough to avoid it ahead of time. If you can escape it, your age will indeed equal that of Heaven; if not, your life will thus be finished. After another five hundred years Heaven will send down the calamity of fire to burn you. That fire is neither natural nor common fire; its name is the Fire of Yin, and it arises from within the soles of your feet to reach even the cavity of your heart, reducing your entrails to ashes and your limbs to utter ruin. The arduous labor of a millennium will then have been made completely superfluous. After another five hundred years the calamity of wind will be sent to blow at you. It is not the wind from the north, south, east, or west; nor is it one of the winds of four seasons; nor is it the wind of flowers, willows, pines, and bamboos. It is called the Mighty Wind, and it enters from the top of the skull into the body, passes through the midriff, and penetrates the nine apertures.12 The bones and the flesh will be dissolved and the body itself will disintegrate. You must therefore avoid all three calamities.”
When Wukong heard this, his hairs stood on end, and, kowtowing reverently, he said, “I beg the master to be merciful and impart to me the method to avoid the three calamities. To the very end, I shall never forget your gracious favor.” The Patriarch said, “It is not, in fact, difficult, except that I cannot teach you because you are somewhat different from other people.” “I have a round head pointing to Heaven,” said Wukong, “and square feet walking on Earth. Similarly, I have nine apertures and four limbs, entrails and cavities. In what way am I different from other people?” The Patriarch said, “Though you resemble a man, you have much less jowl.” The monkey, you see, has an angular face with hollow cheeks and a pointed mouth. Stretching his hand to feel himself, Wukong laughed and said, “The master does not know how to balance matters! Though I have much less jowl than human beings, I have my pouch, which may certainly be considered a compensation.”
“Very well, then,” said the Patriarch, “what method of escape would you like to learn? There is the Art of the Heavenly Ladle, which numbers thirty-six transformations, and there is the Art of the Earthly Multitude, which numbers seventy-two transformations.” Wukong said, “Your pupil is always eager to catch more fishes, so I’ll learn the Art of the Earthly Multitude.” “In that case,” said the Patriarch, “come up here, and I’ll pass on the oral formulas to you.” He then whispered something into his ear, though we do not know what sort of wondrous secrets he spoke of. But this Monkey King was someone who, knowing one thing, could understand a hundred! He immediately learned the oral formulas and, after working at them and practicing them himself, he mastered all seventy-two transformations.
One day when the Patriarch and the various pupils were admiring the evening view in front of the Three Stars Cave, the master asked, “Wukong, has that matter been perfected?” Wukong said, “Thanks to the profound kindness of the master, your pupil has indeed attained perfection; I now can ascend like mist into the air and fly.” The Patriarch said, “Let me see you try to fly.” Wishing to display his ability, Wukong leaped fifty or sixty feet into the air, pulling himself up with a somersault. He trod on the clouds for about the time of a meal and traveled a distance of no more than three miles before dropping down again to stand before the Patriarch. “Master,” he said, his hands folded in front of him, “this is flying by cloud-soaring.” Laughing, the Patriarch said, “This can’t be called cloud-soaring! It’s more like cloud-crawling! The old saying goes, ‘The immortal tours the North Sea in the morning and reaches Cangwu by night.’ If it takes you half a day to go less than three miles, it can’t even be considered cloud-crawling.”
“What do you mean,” asked Wukong, “by saying, ‘The immortal tours the North Sea in the morning and reaches Cangwu by night’?” The Patriarch said, “Those who are capable of cloud-soaring may start from the North Sea in the morning, journey through the East Sea, the West Sea, the South Sea, and return again to Cangwu. Cangwu refers to Lingling in the North Sea. It can be called true cloud-soaring only when you can traverse all four seas in one day.” “That’s truly difficult!” said Wukong, “truly difficult!” “Nothing in the world is difficult,” said the Patriarch; “only the mind makes it so.” When Wukong heard these words, he kowtowed reverently and implored the Patriarch, “Master, if you do perform a service for someone, you must do it thoroughly. May you be most merciful and impart to me also this technique of cloud-soaring. I would never dare forget your gracious favor.” The Patriarch said, “When the various immortals want to soar on the clouds, they all rise by stamping their feet. But you’re not like them. When I saw you leave just now, you had to pull yourself up by jumping. What I’ll do now is to teach you the cloud-somersault in accordance with your form.” Wukong again prostrated himself and pleaded with him, and the Patriarch gave him an oral formula, saying,
“Make the magic sign, recite the spell, clench your fist tightly, shake your body, and when you jump up, one somersault will carry you one hundred and eight thousand miles.” When the other people heard this, they all giggled and said, “Lucky Wukong! If he learns this little trick, he can become a dispatcher for someone to deliver documents or carry circulars. He’ll be able to make a living anywhere!”
The sky now began to darken, and the master went back to the cave dwelling with his pupils. Throughout the night, however, Wukong practiced ardently and mastered the technique of cloud-somersault. From then on, he had complete freedom, blissfully enjoying his state of long life.
One day early in the summer, the disciples were gathered under the pine trees for fellowship and discussion. They said to him, “Wukong, what sort of merit did you accumulate in another incarnation that led the master to whisper in your ear, the other day, the method of avoiding the three calamities? Have you learned everything?” “I won’t conceal this from my various elder brothers,” Wukong said, laughing. “Owing to the master’s instruction in the first place and my diligence day and night in the second, I have fully mastered the several matters!” “Let’s take advantage of the moment,” one of the pupils said. “You try to put on a performance and we’ll watch.” When Wukong heard this, his spirit was aroused and he was most eager to display his powers. “I invite the various elder brothers to give me a subject,” he said. “What do you want me to change into?” “Why not a pine tree?” they said. Wukong made the magic sign and recited the spell; with one shake of his body he changed himself into a pine tree. Truly it was
Thickly held in smoke through all four seasons,
Its chaste fair form soars straight to the clouds.
With not the least likeness to the impish monkey,
It’s all frost-tried and snow-tested branches.
When the multitude saw this, they clapped their hands and roared with laughter, everyone crying, “Marvelous monkey! Marvelous monkey!” They did not realize that all this uproar had disturbed the Patriarch, who came running out of the door, dragging his staff. “Who is creating this bedlam here?” he demanded. At his voice the pupils immediately collected themselves, set their clothes in order, and came forward. Wukong also changed back into his true form, and, slipping into the crowd, he said, “For your information, Reverend Master, we are having fellowship and discussion here. There is no one from outside causing any disturbance.” “You were all yelling and screaming,” said the Patriarch angrily, “and were behaving in a manner totally unbecoming to those practicing cultivation. Don’t you know that those in the cultivation of Dao resist
Opening their mouths lest they waste their breath and spirit,
Or moving their tongues lest they provoke arguments?
Why are you all laughing noisily here?” “We dare not conceal this from the master,” the crowd said. “Just now we were having fun with Wukong, who was giving us a performance of transformation. We told him to change into a pine tree, and he did indeed become a pine tree! Your pupils were all applauding him and our voices disturbed the reverend teacher. We beg his forgiveness.”
“Go away, all of you,” the Patriarch said. “You, Wukong, come over here! I ask you what sort of exhibition were you putting on, changing into a pine tree? This ability you now possess, is it just for showing off to people? Suppose you saw someone with this ability. Wouldn’t you ask him at once how he acquired it? So when others see that you are in possession of it, they’ll come begging. If you’re afraid to refuse them, you will give away the secret; if you don’t, they may hurt you. You are actually placing your life in grave jeopardy.” “I beseech the master to forgive me,” Wukong said, kowtowing. “I won’t condemn you,” said the Patriarch, “but you must leave this place.” When Wukong heard this, tears fell from his eyes. “Where am I to go, Teacher?” he asked. “From wherever you came,” the Patriarch said, “you should go back there.” “I came from the East Pūrvavideha Continent,” Wukong said, his memory jolted by the Patriarch, “from the Water-Curtain Cave of the Flower-Fruit Mountain in the Aolai Country.” “Go back there quickly and save your life,” the Patriarch said. “You cannot possibly remain here!” “Allow me to inform my esteemed teacher,” said Wukong, properly penitent, “I have been away from home for twenty years, and I certainly long to see my subjects and followers of bygone days again. But I keep thinking that my master’s profound kindness to me has not yet been repaid. I, therefore, dare not leave.” “There’s nothing to be repaid,” said the Patriarch. “See that you don’t get into trouble and involve me: that’s all I ask.”
Seeing that there was no other alternative, Wukong had to bow to the Patriarch and take leave of the congregation. “Once you leave,” the Patriarch said, “you’re bound to end up evildoing. I don’t care what kind of villainy and violence you engage in, but I forbid you ever to mention that you are my disciple. For if you but utter half the word, I’ll know about it; you can be assured, wretched monkey, that you’ll be skinned alive. I will break all your bones and banish your soul to the Place of Ninefold Darkness, from which you will not be released even after ten thousand afflictions!” “I will never dare mention my master,” said Wukong. “I’ll say that I’ve learned this all by myself.” Having thanked the Patriarch, Wukong turned away, made the magic sign, pulled himself up, and performed the cloud-somersault. He headed straight toward the East Pūrvavideha, and in less than an hour he could already see the Flower-Fruit Mountain and the Water-Curtain Cave. Rejoicing secretly, the Handsome Monkey King said to himself:
“I left weighed down by bones of mortal stock.
The Dao attained makes light both body and frame.
‘Tis this world’s pity that none firmly resolves
To learn such mystery that by itself is plain.
‘Twas hard to cross the seas in former time.
Returning this day, I travel with ease.
Words of farewell still echo in my ears.
I ne’er hope to see so soon the eastern depths!”
Wukong lowered the direction of his cloud and landed squarely on the Flower-Fruit Mountain. He was trying to find his way when he heard the call of cranes and the cry of monkeys; the call of cranes reverberated in the Heavens, and the cry of monkeys moved his spirit with sadness. “Little ones,” he called out, “I have returned!” From the crannies of the cliff, from the flowers and bushes, and from the woods and trees, monkeys great and small leaped out by the tens of thousands and surrounded the Handsome Monkey King. They all kowtowed and cried, “Great King! What laxity of mind! Why did you go away for such a long time and leave us here longing for your return like someone hungering and thirsting? Recently, we have been brutally abused by a monster, who wanted to rob us of our Water-Curtain Cave. Out of sheer desperation, we fought hard with him. And yet all this time, that fellow has plundered many of our possessions, kidnapped a number of our young ones, and given us many restless days and nights watching over our property. How fortunate that our great king has returned! If the great king had stayed away another year or so, we and the entire mountain cave would have belonged to someone else!”
Hearing this, Wukong was filled with anger. “What sort of a monster is this,” he cried, “that behaves in such a lawless manner? Tell me in detail and I will find him to exact vengeance.” “Be informed, Great King,” the monkeys said, kowtowing, “that the fellow calls himself the Monstrous King of Havoc, and he lives north of here.” Wukong asked, “From here to his place, how great is the distance?” The monkeys replied, “He comes like the cloud and leaves like the mist, like the wind and the rain, like lightning and thunder. We don’t know how great the distance is.” “In that case,” said Wukong, “go and play for a while and don’t be afraid. Let me go and find him.”
Dear Monkey King! He leaped up with a bound and somersaulted all the way northward until he saw a tall and rugged mountain. What a mountain!
Its penlike peak stands erect;
Its winding streams flow unfathomed and deep.
Its penlike peak, standing erect, cuts through the air;
Its winding streams, unfathomed and deep, reach diverse sites on earth.
On two ridges flowers rival trees in exotic charm;
At various spots pines match bamboos in green.
The dragon on the left
Seems docile and tame;
The tiger on the right
Seems gentle and meek.
Iron oxen13
On occasion are seen plowing.
Gold-coin flowers are frequently planted.
Rare fowls make melodious songs;
The phoenix stands facing the sun.
Rocks worn smooth and shiny
By water placid and bright
Appear by turns grotesque, bizarre, and fierce.
In countless numbers are the world’s famous mountains
Where flowers bloom and wither; they flourish and die.
What place resembles this long-lasting scene
Wholly untouched by the four seasons and eight epochs?14
This is, in the Three Regions,15 the Mount of Northern Spring,
The Water-Belly Cave, nourished by the Five Phases.16
The Handsome Monkey King was silently viewing the scenery when he heard someone speaking. He went down the mountain to find who it was, and he discovered the Water-Belly Cave at the foot of a steep cliff. Several imps who were dancing in front of the cave saw Wukong and began to run away. “Stop!” cried Wukong. “You can use the words of your mouth to communicate the thoughts of my mind. I am the lord of the Water-Curtain Cave in the Flower-Fruit Mountain south of here. Your Monstrous King of Havoc, or whatever he’s called, has repeatedly bullied my young ones, and I have found my way here with the specific purpose of sett ling matters with him.”
Hearing this, the imps darted into the cave and cried out, “Great King, a disastrous thing has happened!” “What sort of disaster?” asked the Monstrous King. “Outside the cave,” said the imps, “there is a monkey who calls himself the lord of the Water-Curtain Cave in the Flower-Fruit Mountain. He says that you have repeatedly bullied his young ones and that he has come to settle matters with you.” Laughing, the Monstrous King said, “I have often heard those monkeys say that they have a great king who has left the family to practice self-cultivation. He must have come back. How is he dressed, and what kind of weapon does he have?” “He doesn’t have any kind of weapon,” the imps said. “He is bare-headed, wears a red robe with a yellow sash, and has a pair of black boots on. He looks like neither a monk nor a layman, neither a Daoist nor an immortal. He is out there making demands with naked hands and empty fists.” When the Monstrous King heard this, he ordered, “Get me my armor and my weapon.” These were immediately brought out by the imps, and the Monstrous King put on his breastplate and helmet, grasped his scimitar, and walked out of the cave with his followers. “Who is the lord of the Water-Curtain Cave?” he cried with a loud voice. Quickly opening wide his eyes to take a look, Wukong saw that the Monstrous King
Wore on his head a black gold helmet
Which gleamed in the sun;
And on his body a dark silk robe
Which swayed in the wind;
Lower he had on a black iron vest
Tied tightly with leather straps;
His feet were shod in finely carved boots,
Grand as those of warriors great.
Ten spans—the width of his waist;
Thirty feet—the height of his frame;
He held in his hands a sword;
Its blade was fine and bright.
His name: the Monster of Havoc
Of most fearsome form and look.
“You have such big eyes, reckless monster, but you can’t even see old Monkey!” the Monkey King shouted. When the Monstrous King saw him, he laughed and said, “You’re not four feet tall, nor are you thirty years old; you don’t even have weapons in your hands. How dare you be so insolent, looking for me to settle accounts?” “You reckless monster!” cried Wukong. “You are blind indeed! You think I’m small, not knowing that it’s hardly difficult for me to become taller; you think I’m without weapon, but my two hands can drag the moon down from the edge of Heaven. Don’t be afraid; just have a taste of old Monkey’s fist!” He leaped into the air and aimed a blow smack at the monster’s face. Parrying the blow with his hand, the Monstrous King said, “You are such a midget and I’m so tall; you want to use your fist but I have my scimitar. If I were to kill you with it, I would be a laughingstock. Let me put down my scimitar, and we’ll see how well you can box.” “Well said, fine fellow,” replied Wukong. “Come on!”
The Monstrous King shifted his position and struck out. Wukong closed in on him, hurtling himself into the engagement. The two of them pummeled and kicked, struggling and colliding with each other. It is easy to miss on a long reach, but a short punch is firm and reliable. Wukong jabbed the Monstrous King in the short ribs, hit him on his chest, and gave him such heavy punishment with a few sharp blows that the monster stepped aside, picked up his huge scimitar, aimed it straight at Wukong’s head, and slashed at him. Wukong dodged, and the blow narrowly missed him. Seeing that his opponent was growing fiercer, Wukong now used the method called the Body beyond the Body. Plucking a handful of hairs from his own body and throwing them into his mouth, he chewed them to tiny pieces and then spat them into the air. “Change!” he cried, and they changed at once into two or three hundred little monkeys encircling the combatants on all sides. For you see, when someone acquires the body of an immortal, he can project his spirit, change his form, and perform all kinds of wonders. Since the Monkey King had become accomplished in the Way, every one of the eighty-four thousand hairs on his body could change into whatever shape or substance he desired. The little monkeys he had just created were so keen of eye and so swift of movement that they could be wounded by neither sword nor spear. Look at them! Skipping and jumping, they rushed at the Monstrous King and surrounded him, some hugging, some pulling, some crawling in between his legs, some tugging at his feet. They kicked and punched; they yanked at his hair and poked at his eyes; they pinched his nose and tried to sweep him completely off his feet, until they tangled themselves into confusion.
Meanwhile Wukong succeeded in snatching the scimitar, pushed through the throng of little monkeys, and brought the scimitar down squarely onto the monster’s skull, cleaving it in two. He and the rest of the monkeys then fought their way into the cave and slaughtered all the imps, young and old. With a shake, he collected his hair back onto his body, but there were some monkeys that did not return to him. They were the little monkeys kidnaped by the Monstrous King from the Water-Curtain Cave.
“Why are you here?” asked Wukong. The thirty or fifty of them all said tearfully, “After the Great King went away to seek the way of immortality, the monster menaced us for two whole years and finally carried us off to this place. Don’t these utensils belong to our cave? These stone pots and bowls were all taken by the creature.” “If these are our belongings,” said Wukong, “move them out of here.” He then set fire to the Water-Belly Cave and reduced it to ashes. “All of you,” he said to them, “follow me home.” “Great King,” the monkeys said, “when we came here, all we felt was wind rushing past us, and we seemed to float through the air until we arrived here. We don’t know the way. How can we go back to our home?” Wukong said, “That’s a magic trick of his. But there’s no difficulty! Now I know not only one thing but a hundred! I’m familiar with that trick too. Close your eyes, all of you, and don’t be afraid.”
Dear Monkey King. He recited a spell, rode for a while on a fierce wind, and then lowered the direction of the cloud. “Little ones,” he cried, “open your eyes!” The monkeys felt solid ground beneath their feet and recognized their home territory. In great delight, every one of them ran back to the cave along the familiar roads and crowded in together with those waiting in the cave. They then lined up according to age and rank and paid tribute to the Monkey King. Wine and fruits were laid out for the welcome banquet. When asked how he had subdued the monster and rescued the young ones, Wukong presented a detailed rehearsal, and the monkeys broke into unending applause. “Where did you go, Great King?” they cried. “We never expected that you would acquire such skills!”
“The year I left you all,” Wukong said, “I drifted with the waves across the Great Eastern Ocean and reached the West Aparagodānīya Continent. I then arrived at the South Jambūdvīpa Continent, where I learned human ways, wearing this garment and these shoes. I swaggered along with the clouds for eight or nine years, but I had yet to learn the Great Art. I then crossed the Great Western Ocean and reached the West Aparagodānīya Continent.17 After searching for a long time, I had the good fortune to discover an old Patriarch, who imparted to me the formula for enjoying the same age as Heaven, the secret of immortality.” “Such luck is hard to meet even after ten thousand afflictions!” the monkeys said, all congratulating him. “Little ones,” Wukong said, laughing again, “another delight is that our entire family now has a name.”
“What is the name of the great king?”
“My surname is Sun,” replied Wukong, “and my religious name is Wukong.” When the monkeys heard this, they all clapped their hands and shouted happily, “If the great king is Elder Sun, then we are all Junior Suns, Suns the Third, small Suns, tiny Suns—the Sun Family, the Sun Nation, and the Sun Cave!” So they all came and honored Elder Sun with large and small bowls of coconut and grape wine, of divine flowers and fruits. It was indeed one big happy family! Lo,
The surname is one, the self’s returned to its source.
This glory awaits—a name recorded in Heaven!
We do not know what the result was and how Wukong would fare in this realm; let’s listen to the explanation in the next chapter.